Морской транспорт. Классификация мо

Морской транспорт. Классификация морских перевозок предусматривает их деление по видам перевозок, плавания и сообщений.

По видам перевозок грузовые перевозки подраз­деляются на сухогрузные и наливные.

В зависимости от вида плавания морские перевозки делят на малый, большой каботаж и заграничное плавание. Под малым каботажем понимают плавание судов в пределах одного или двух смежных морских бассейнов без захода в территориаль­ные воды других государств. Большой каботаж – это плавание судов между портами одной и той же страны, лежащими в разных морских бассейнах. Заграничные морские перевозки обеспечивают экономические связи России с зарубежными странами.

Загранплавание подразделяют на перевозки между россий­скими и иностранными портами (экспорт), между иностранны­ми и российскими портами (МИП). В первом и втором случаях могут перевозиться как российские внешнеторговые грузы, так и грузы иностранных фрахтователей. Перевозка грузов иностран­ных фрахтователей (ГИФ) по своему экономическому содержа­нию представляет экспорт транспортных услуг.

На морском транспорте различают следующие виды сообщения: междупортовое, прямое водное и прямое смешан­ное. В междупортовом сообщении перевозки осуществляются от одного морского порта до другого; в прямом водном — от мор­ского порта до речного, причем на морском отрезке пути пере­возки выполняют морские суда, на речном - речные; в прямом смешанном сообщении участвует несколько видов транспорта.

На морском транспорте применяют две формы органи­зации работы флота: линейное плавание (регулярное) и рейсовое (нерегулярное).

Результаты (английский) 1:

Maritime transport. Classification of maritime transport provides their division by type of transport, navigation and communications.On modes of transport freight by grouping units for dry bulk and liquid bulk.Depending on the type of navigation maritime transport is divided into small, large cabotage and the waters. Under the small vessels is understood as cabotage within one or two adjacent ocean basins without entering the territorial waters of other States Nye. Large cabotage is the navigation of vessels between ports in one and the same country, different marine basins. Foreign maritime transport provide Russia's economic ties with foreign countries.Zagranplavanie are divided into transportation between Russian and Austrian foreign ports (export) between foreign and Russian ports (IIP). In the first and second cases may be transported as Russian goods and goods of foreign freighters. Cargo transportation by foreign tional charterers (SWFs) on its economic containing NIJ is the export of transport services.In the maritime transport sector there are following kinds of messages: mezhduportovoe, direct water and direct mixed Noe. In mezhduportovom communication services are provided from one sea port to another; live water — from the outer port MOR to River, and on the sea route re contracts perform seagoing vessels on the River-River; live mixed traffic involves several modes of transport.Maritime transport safety apply two forms of organization of work organization fleet: linear (regular) and trip (irregular).

Результаты (английский) 2:

Sea transport. Classification of maritime traffic involves dividing them by type of transport, navigation and communications.

By type of freight traffic are divided into dry cargo and tankers.

Depending on the type of diving sea transportation is divided into small, large cabotage and foreign journey. Under the small cabotage understand sailing vessels within one or two adjacent ocean basins without entering into the territorial waters of other countries. Large cabotage - is sailing vessels between the ports of the same country, lying in the different sea basins. Overseas shipping offer economic ties between Russia and foreign countries.

Foreign-divided into transportation between Russian and foreign ports (exports) between foreign and Russian ports (IIP). In the first and second cases can be transported as a Russian foreign trade cargoes, and cargoes of foreign freighters. Transport of goods of foreign charterers (SWFs) in its economic content is the export of transport services.

The following types of messages on maritime transport: mezhduportovoe, direct water and direct mixed. In a statement carried mezhduportovom transport from one seaport to another; live water - from the seaport to the river, and on the sea segment of transport paths operate marine vessels on the river - the river; in direct mixed communication involves several modes of transport.

Two forms of the organization of the fleet used on maritime transport: a linear swimming (regular) and Regular (irregular).

Результаты (английский) 3:

maritime transport. classification of marine transport for their division on the modes of transport, navigation and communications.on the modes of transport, freight подраз­деляются on dry cargo and're pouty.depending on the type of navigation, maritime transport in small, big cabotage and a swimming. under the small cabotage understand swimming ships within one or two related marine basins without setting in территориаль­ные waters of other states. a cabotage is sailing ships between ports in the same country, lying in different ocean basins. international maritime transport provides the economic relations of russia with the foreign countries.загранплавание are on the carriage between россий­скими and foreign ports (export), between иностранны­ми and russian ports (iai). in the first and the second cases may be transported as russian goods, and goods for foreign charterers. carriage of goods иностран­ных charterers (гиф) on their economic содержа­нию is the export of transport services.maritime transport between the following types of messages: междупортовое, direct water and direct смешан­ное. in междупортовом communication service is carried out from one port to another; to direct water from the мор­ского port to the river, with the portion of пере­возки serve ships on the river - the river; in a mixed communication involves several modes of transport.maritime transport using two forms of органи­зации fleet: linear swimming (regular) and рейсовое (irregular).