It has already been explained, that

It has already been explained, that an ester is the product formed by the reversible reaction between an acid and an alcohol. If an acid and an alcohol are mixed a condition of equilibrium will eventually be setup when the rates of the direct reaction (esterification) and reverse reaction (hydrolysis) are equal. It follows from the law of mass action that an increase in the molecular concentration of anyone of the, re-acting substances will displace the equilibrium in the opposite direction. Any excess of water will diminish the proportion of ester present at equilibrium. Consequently, in the preparation of esters, it is necessary as a rule to use the anhydrous acid and alcohol in order to obtain good yields, and the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst (concentrated sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride).An ester may be almost completely hydrolyzed if it is heat-ed with water, provided that a large enough proportion of water is used. The hydrolysis is usually slow, but is catalyzed by acids. It becomes complete if a dilute solution of an alkali is used instead of water, for the acid produced by hydrolysis is neutralized by the alkali as fast as it is formed, and so can take no further part in the reaction. Most esters of organic acids are pleasant — smelling, volatile liquids and many of them are used in perfumery and in the production of artificial flavouring agents.Ethyl acatale is a typical example of an ester of an organic acid. It is formed when acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride acts on ethyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is prepared by the interaction of alcohol and glacial acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.Ethyl acetate is a colorless, mobile liquid, with a pleasant fruity odour. Its weight per ml is 0.9 and it boils at 77. It is soluble in water and is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform, forming neutral solutions. When ethyl acetate is boiled with water under reflux condensation, it slowly undergoes hydrolysis.Notes

Результаты (английский) 1:

It has already been explained, that an ester is the product formed by the reversible reaction between an acid and an alcohol. If an acid and an alcohol are mixed a condition of equilibrium will eventually be setup when the rates of the direct reaction (esterification) and reverse reaction (hydrolysis) are equal. It follows from the law of mass action that an increase in the molecular concentration of anyone of the, re-acting substances will displace the equilibrium in the opposite direction. Any excess of water will diminish the proportion of ester present at equilibrium. Consequently, in the preparation of esters, it is necessary as a rule to use the anhydrous acid and alcohol in order to obtain good yields, and the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst (concentrated sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride).

An ester may be almost completely hydrolyzed if it is heat-ed with water, provided that a large enough proportion of water is used. The hydrolysis is usually slow, but is catalyzed by acids. It becomes complete if a dilute solution of an alkali is used instead of water, for the acid produced by hydrolysis is neutralized by the alkali as fast as it is formed, and so can take no further part in the reaction. Most esters of organic acids are pleasant — smelling, volatile liquids and many of them are used in perfumery and in the production of artificial flavouring agents.

Ethyl acatale is a typical example of an ester of an organic acid. It is formed when acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride acts on ethyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is prepared by the interaction of alcohol and glacial acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.

Ethyl acetate is a colorless, mobile liquid , with a pleasant fruity odour. Its weight per ml is 0.9 and it boils at 77. It is soluble in water and is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform, forming neutral solutions. When ethyl acetate is boiled with water under reflux condensation, it slowly undergoes hydrolysis.


Notes

Результаты (английский) 2:

It has already been explained, that an ester is the product formed by the reversible reaction between acid and an alcohol. If an acid and an alcohol are mixed a condition of equilibrium will eventually be set up when the rates of direct reaction (esterification) and reverse reaction (hydrolysis) are equal. It follows from the law of mass action that an increase in the molecular concentration of anyone of the, re-acting substances will displace the equilibrium in the opposite direction. Any excess of water will diminish the proportion of ester present at equilibrium. Consequently, in the preparation of esters, it is necessary as a rule to use the anhydrous acid and alcohol in order to obtain good yields, and the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst (concentrated sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride) .

An ester may be almost completely hydrolyzed if it is heat-ed with water, provided that a large enough proportion of water is used. The hydrolysis is usually slow, but is catalyzed by acids. It becomes complete if a dilute solution of an alkali is used instead of water, for the acid produced by hydrolysis is neutralized by the alkali as fast as it is formed, and so can take no further part in the reaction. Most esters of organic acids are pleasant - smelling, volatile liquids and many of them are used in perfumery and in the production of artificial flavouring agents.

Ethyl acatale is a typical example of an ester of an organic acid. It is formed when acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride acts on ethyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is prepared by the interaction of alcohol and glacial acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.

Ethyl acetate is a colorless, mobile liquid, with a pleasant fruity odour. Its weight per ml is 0.9 and it boils at 77. It is soluble in water and is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform, forming neutral solutions. When ethyl acetate is boiled with water under reflux condensation, it slowly undergoes hydrolysis.

Notes

Результаты (английский) 3:

It has been explained that an ester is between the acid and an alcohol between the re implementations of the production form. If an acid and an alcohol are mixed a condition of equipment will be automatically set up when the rates of the direct reaction（ It follows from the law of mass action that an increase in the molecular concentration of anyone of the，re-acting substances will displace the equilibrium in the opposite direction. Both water access will support eser on an equal basis. Consequently，in the preparation of esters，it is necessary as a rule to use the anhydros acid and alcohol in order to obtain good yields，and the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst）-concentrated sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride.
Perhaps the most complete hydrolized if it can hear water, providing a large amount of water supply has been used. hydrolysis is usually slow，but is catalyzed by acids. it becomes complete if a dilute solution of an alkali is used instead of water，for the acid produced by hydrolysis is neutralized by the alkali as fast as it is formed，so can take no further part in the reaction. Most esters of organic acids are pleasant-smelling，volatile liquids and many of them are used in perfumery and in the production of artificial flavuring agents.
20. Ethyl acatale is a typical example of an organized pesticide. This is formed at the time of acetyl chloride or acetyl anhydride acts on ethyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is prepared by the interaction of alcohol and glacial acid in the present of concentrated sulphuric acid.
Ethyl acetate is a colorless，mobile liquid，with a pleasant fruity odour. It looks like ml is 0.9, which is 77. It's a solution in water. It's a mixture of alcohol, ether and chloroform, forming neutral solutions. When ethnicate is compiled with water under reflux condensation, it slowly undergoes hydropower
notes