Ку-клукс-клан организация в США, по

Ку-клукс-клан организация в США, поддерживавшая такие идеи, как превосходство белых, белый нацизм.
Это внушающее страх тайное общество было учреждено бывшими солдатами-южанами после Гражданской войны (1861–1865). Преступлениям членов ку-клукс-клана обычно предшествовало предупреждение, посланное в широко известной форме. В некоторых частях страны это была ветка дубовых листьев, в других — семена дыни или зёрнышки апельсина. Получив такое предупреждение, жертва могла либо отречься от своих прежних взглядов, либо покинуть страну. Если человек игнорировал предупреждение, его ждала верная смерть. Первый ку-клукс-клан процветал в 1860-х гг. на Юге США, но уже в начале 1870-х движение перестало существовать. Тогда же появились знаменитые белые костюмы, состоявшие из мантии, маски и конического головного убора, созданные специально для устрашения. Второй ку-клукс-клан был распространён на всей территории страны в начале и середине 1920-х. Он использовал те же костюмы и пароли, но ввёл новый символ — горящий крест. Третий ку-клукс-клан возник после Второй Мировой войны как реакция на движение за гражданские права меньшинств. Второй и третий ку-клукс-кланы выступали за придание особых прав потомкам первых граждан США, победивших в Войне за независимость[5]. Все три организации имеют богатый послужной список террористических актов
Вероятно, название образовано от др.-греч. κύκλος — круг, колесо, и англ. clan — родовая община, клан (у шотландцев и ирландцев)[6]. Также есть версия, что название связано с характерным звуком (лязгом) затвора винтовки. Ещё одна версия предполагает, что название произошло от лат. cucullo — капюшон.
Первое время они только пугали людей, убийства начались не сразу. Например, они скакали по улицам города, закутавшись в белые простыни, что приводило в изумление и ужас жителей города, а их — развлекало.
1867 год знаменателен тем, что в апреле представители нескольких штатов собрались на своеобразный нелегальный конгресс, где ККК был реорганизован. Во-первых, название поменяли: Ku Klux Klan вместо Kuklux Klan, во-вторых, лидером движения стал Натаниэль Бэдфорд Форрест, бывший генерал армии Юга. Ему дали титул «Великого Магистра». Тогда же разработали конституцию, названную «Предписанием», где говорилось о целях организации: спасти страну от нашествия негров, белую расу от унижений и дать неграм права, удобные только белым. Туда включалась клятва не допустить равенства белых и чёрных.
Члены организации придумали давать ячейкам множество других названий, чтобы когда клановца приводили к присяге, он мог сказать, что состоит не в ККК, а в каком-нибудь «Белом братстве» или в обществе «Рыцари белой камелии» или «Стражи Конституции», «Рыцари чёрного креста» и др. Мистическое поведение, таинственные шествия — обязательный атрибут клана. Характерные черты — секретность и таинственность, необходимы для конспирации рядовых членов, чтобы пугать негров. Часто достаточно было дать понять «нежелательному лицу» о его ненужности, как он сразу переезжал в другое место.

Организация имела сложную систему конспирации. Никогда не собираться в одном месте. За огласку секретов — смерть. Сложнейшая система явок и паролей. Обязательно каждый имел свисток и знал определённые сигналы. Ни один из членов никогда не знал заранее ни места следующей встречи, ни настоящих имён других членов организации.
Хотя исследователи сходятся на том, что организация возникла не как террористическая, а как тайное общество с неопределёнными целями, схожими с масонскими, развиваться оно стало именно с расистским подтекстом. С каждым годом, с увеличением власти и численности организации, росло число жертв и степень жестокости.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Ku Klux Klan organization in the United States, which had supported ideas such as white supremacy, white Nazism. It inspires fear secret society was established by former soldiers-southerners after the civil war (1861-1865). Crimes by members of the Ku Klux Klan is usually preceded by the warning, sent in a well-known format. In some parts of the country, it was a branch of oak leaves, other-melon seeds or orange breads. Having received such a warning, the victim could either renounce their previous views or leave the country. If the man ignored the warning, it waited for the loyal death. The first Ku Klux Klan thrived in 1860-ies. in the southern United States, but in the early 1870 's, the movement ceased to exist. Then there were the famous white costumes consisted of robes, masks, and conical headgear designed to intimidate. The second Ku Klux Klan was spoken throughout the country in the early and mid-1920 's. He used the same costumes and passwords, but introduced a new symbol — a burning cross. The 3rd Ku Klux Klan emerged after World War II as a reaction to the civil rights movement of minorities. The second and third Ku-Klux-klans advocated giving special rights to the descendants of the first citizens of the United States, winning in the war of independence [5]. All three organizations have a rich record of terrorist actsThe name probably comes from the other-Grech. κύκλος — circle, wheel, and English. clan-tribal community, clan (from Scots and Irish) [6]. There is also a version that the name is associated with a characteristic sound (clatter) bolt rifle. Another version suggests that the name comes from the Latin. cucullo-hood.The first time they are only frightened people, killings began immediately. For example, they rode through the streets of the city, wrapped in white sheets, resulting in amazement and terror of the inhabitants of the city, and them is fun for me.the year 1867 marks the fact that in April the representatives of several States gathered for a kind of illegal Congress, where the KKK was reorganized. Firstly, the name changed: Ku Klux Klan instead Kuklux Klan, secondly, leader of the movement was Nathaniel Bedford Forrest, former General of the army of the South. He was given the title of "Grand Master". At the same time developed a Constitution, called "Prescription", stating to the Organization: save the country from invasions by Blacks, the white race from indignity and give Blacks rights only comfortable white. There included a vow to prevent equality of black and white.Члены организации придумали давать ячейкам множество других названий, чтобы когда клановца приводили к присяге, он мог сказать, что состоит не в ККК, а в каком-нибудь «Белом братстве» или в обществе «Рыцари белой камелии» или «Стражи Конституции», «Рыцари чёрного креста» и др. Мистическое поведение, таинственные шествия — обязательный атрибут клана. Характерные черты — секретность и таинственность, необходимы для конспирации рядовых членов, чтобы пугать негров. Часто достаточно было дать понять «нежелательному лицу» о его ненужности, как он сразу переезжал в другое место.Организация имела сложную систему конспирации. Никогда не собираться в одном месте. За огласку секретов — смерть. Сложнейшая система явок и паролей. Обязательно каждый имел свисток и знал определённые сигналы. Ни один из членов никогда не знал заранее ни места следующей встречи, ни настоящих имён других членов организации.Хотя исследователи сходятся на том, что организация возникла не как террористическая, а как тайное общество с неопределёнными целями, схожими с масонскими, развиваться оно стало именно с расистским подтекстом. С каждым годом, с увеличением власти и численности организации, росло число жертв и степень жестокости.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Ku Klux Klan organization in the United States, to support such ideas as white supremacy, white Nazism.
This fearsome secret society was founded by former soldiers Southerners after the Civil War (1861-1865). Crimes members of the Ku Klux Klan is usually preceded by a warning sent to the well-known form. In some parts of the country it was a branch of oak leaves, others - melon seeds or grains of orange. Having received such a warning, the victim could either recant his earlier views, or leave the country. If a man ignored the warning, it was waiting for certain death. First Ku Klux Klan flourished in the 1860s. in the South of the United States, but in the early 1870s the movement had ceased to exist. Then there were the famous white costumes consisting of robes, masks and conical headdress, created specifically to intimidate. The second Ku Klux Klan was distributed throughout the country in the early and mid-1920s. He used the same suits and passwords, but introduced a new symbol - a burning cross. The third Ku Klux Klan emerged after World War II as a response to the civil rights movement of minorities. The second and third Ku Klux Klan were in favor of giving the special rights of the descendants of the first US citizen to win the war for independence. [5] All three organizations have extensive track record of terrorist attacks
is likely the name is derived from the ancient Greek. κύκλος - circle, wheel, and English. clan - the clan, the clan (the Scots and Irish). [6] There is also a version that the name is associated with a characteristic sound (clang) bolt-action rifle. Another version suggests that the name comes from the Latin. cucullo - hood.
At first, they just scare people, killings began immediately. For example, they rode through the streets, wrapped in white sheets, which led to the astonishment and horror of the inhabitants of the city, and they - entertained.
1867 notable for the fact that in April, representatives from several states gathered for a kind of illegal congress where the KKK was reorganized. Firstly, the name changed: Ku Klux Klan instead Kuklux Klan, secondly, the leader of the movement was Nathaniel Bedford Forrest, a former General of the Army of the South. He was given the title of "Grand Master." At the same time developed a constitution called the "Regulations", which refers to the purpose of the organization: to save the country from the invasion of blacks, the white race from humiliation and to give blacks the right, comfortable only white. There included a vow not to allow equality of white and black.
Its members come up with to give the cells a lot of other titles that when klanovtsa is sworn, he could say that is not the KKK, and some "White Brotherhood" or society "Knights White Camellia "or" Guardians of the Constitution "," Knights of the Black Cross "and others. The mystical behavior, mysterious procession - a mandatory attribute of the clan. Characteristic features - the secrecy and mystery, are necessary for ordinary members of the conspiracy to scare blacks. Often it was enough to make it clear to "undesirable person" of his uselessness, he immediately moved to another location. The organization had a complex system of secrecy. Do not gather in one place. For publicity secrets - death. Complex systems appearances and passwords. I am sure everyone had a whistle and knew certain signals. None of the members had never known in advance or place of the next meeting, no real names of other members of the organization. Although researchers agree on the fact that the organization did not emerge as a terrorist, as well as a secret society with vague objectives, similar to the Masonic evolve it was precisely with racist overtones. Every year, with an increase in power and strength of the organization, increased the number of victims and the extent of violence.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the ku klux klan organization in the united states, поддерживавшая ideas such as white supremacy, white nazism. "this is something that the fear of the secret society was established by former soldiers - the south after the civil war (1861–1865).crimes, members of the ku klux klan was usually preceded by a warning sent to the widely known form. in some parts of the country that was the oak leaves to the other - melon seeds or зёрнышки orange.after receiving the warning, the victim can either abandon their former views, or to leave the country. if he ignored the warning, expecting him to certain death. the first ku klux klan prospered in the 1860's).in the southern united states, but in the early 1870s movement ceased to exist. then came the famous white suits, consisted of robes, masks and конического headgear, created specifically for deterrence.the second ku klux klan was distributed throughout the country in the early and the mid 1920s. he used the same costumes and passwords, but injected a new symbol - a burning cross.the ku klux klan emerged after the second world war as a reaction to the movement for civil rights for minorities. the second and third ku klux clan were the special rights of the descendants of the first us citizenswinning the war for independence [5]. all three organizations have a rich record of terrorist acts. the name is probably from the others - project. κύκλος - circle, wheel, and messages. clan - tribal communityclan (from the scots and irish) [6]. there is also a version that the title is associated with a characteristic sound (лязгом) slide rifle. another theory suggests that the name came from latin. cucullo hood.
the first time they're just scared people, murder was not immediately. for example, they rode through the streets of the city, between the sheets, that was exciting and the horror of the inhabitants of the town and is entertained.1867 marked the fact that in april, representatives of several states gathered in a illegal congress where tqm has been reorganized. first of all, they changed the name: ku Klux klan instead of Kuklux klan, secondly,the leader of the movement was nathaniel bedford forrest, former general of the army of the south. he was given the title of "great магистра». then developed a constitution, called the "предписанием», which referred to the purposes of the organization:to save the country from invasion of the blacks, the white race of humiliation and give the niggers right comfortable just white. there has been tremendous prevent equality of white and black.the members of the organization up to the lockers many other names, so when клановца gave sworn in, he could tell that it was not the kkk.and some white братстве» or society "the white камелии» or" guardians "," knights of the black cross and others. mysterious behavior, mysterious march a few clan.the characteristics of - privacy and secrecy are required for the rank and file members of the conspiracy to intimidate blacks. often it was enough to understand "undesirable face of its irrelevance.he immediately moved to another place.

the organization had a complex system of. never meet in one place. in the light of secrets - death. the system of house and passwords.have each had a whistle and knew certain signals. none of the members never knew in advance or place the next time, no real names of other members of the organization. although the researchers agreedthe organization was not as a terrorist, but as the secret society with the неопределёнными goals similar to the masonic, evolve it was with racist undertones. every year,