Уголовное право американских штатов

Уголовное право американских штатов сформировалось и долгое время развивалось на основе системы английского общего права, в свою очередь сложившейся из большого числа накопившихся за много столетий судебных прецедентов, т.е. решений судов высших инстанций по определенным правовым вопросам. Собственно американское общее право в дальнейшем развивалось все более самостоятельно в решениях судов штатов и федерации, однако и до настоящего времени сохраняется достаточно заметная его связь с английской
системой общего права, и особенно с правовой доктриной.
С первых же десятилетий существования Соединенных Штатов все более
важную роль в качестве источников уголовного права наряду с нормами общего права стали играть статуты — законодательные акты, принимавшиеся Конгрессом США и законодательными собраниями отдельных штатов. В последней четверти XIX —начале XX века в рамках общей консолидации законодательства штатов в большинстве из них были приняты свои уголовные кодексы, или, вернее, разделы свода законов штата, регулирующие ответственность за
уголовные преступления. В последующем они, как правило, подвергались многочисленным изменениям и дополнениям, нередко носившим случайный характер, либо, напротив, достаточно серьезной модернизации, предложенной
специалистами.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The criminal law of the American States emerged and evolved for a long time, based on the English common law system, in turn, created a large backlog for many centuries of judicial precedents, i.e. decisions of higher courts on certain legal issues. Actually the American common law further developed increasingly alone in State and Federal Court decisions, however, and so far remains sufficiently marked his relationship with Englishthe common law system, and especially with the legal doctrine.From the first decades of the existence of the United States all morean important role as a source of criminal law, along with common law statutes have become — legislative acts adopted by the United States Congress and the legislatures of individual States. In the last quarter of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century as part of an overall consolidation of State legislation in most of them their penal codes have been adopted, or rather, sections of the laws governing State responsibility forcriminal offences. Subsequently, they are usually subjected to many changes and additions often bore a random character, or, on the contrary, quite serious modernisation proposed by thespecialists.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Criminal Law American states formed and developed for a long time based on the English common law system, in turn, are composed of a large number of accumulated over many centuries of judicial precedent, ie decisions of higher courts on specific legal issues. Actually the American common law has developed in the future more and more independently in the decisions of state and federal courts, but until the present time is saved rather marked its relationship with the English
common law system, and especially with the legal doctrine.
From the first decades of the United States more and more
important role as a source of criminal law as well as common law began to play the statutes - legislative acts adopted by the US Congress and the legislatures of the several states. In the last quarter of the XIX and early XX century in the overall consolidation of the state of legislation in most of them were adopted by their penal codes, or rather, a set of sections of state law governing liability for
criminal offenses. Subsequently, they are usually exposed to numerous changes and additions, often wore casual character or, on the contrary, quite a major upgrade, the proposed
experts.