Под виртуальным предприятием понима

Под виртуальным предприятием понимается «динамическая открытая бизнес-система, основанная на формировании юридически независимыми предприятиями единого информационного пространства с целью совместного использования своих технологических ресурсов для реализации всех этапов работ по выполнению проекта (заказа клиента) от источников первичного сырья до сдачи продукции конечному потребителю».
Министерство промышленности Канады описывает 5PL как организацию, которая «планирует, организует и осуществляет логистические решения от имени одной из договаривающихся сторон (главным образом, в области информационных систем) за счет использования соответствующих технологий»[2].
Как правило, 5PL нацелены на крупные компании, чьи цепи поставок представляют большую сложность в управлении, и стремятся превратить цепи поставок своих клиентов в ИТ-управляемые системы связи между поставщиками и покупателями[Успеть в будующее].
Наглядным примером крупного 5PL-провайдера может служить новозеландская компания Contract Warеhousing Nеw Zеaland Limitеd.
Contract Warеhousing Group прошла путь от простых автомобильных перевозок и грузообработки в 70-х гг. прошлого века до провайдера складских и логистических решений (3PL) и услуг по управлению цепями поставок (4PL) с годовым оборотом свыше 3 млн. USD и более 90 клиентами в Новой Зеландии и Австралии. В 2010 году компания подписала контракт с крупнейшим австралийском поставщиком транспортного и логистического программного обеспечения TransLogix о внедрении нового программного продукта Intеgratеd Sapphirе Transport & Logistics Managеmеnt Suitе.
Contract Warеhousing является именно 5PL-провайдером, поскольку она предоставляет не просто комплексные услуги по управлению цепями поставок, а основанные на внедрении информационных технологий в компаниях-клиентах. Практически не владея материальными активами (кроме крупного склада, которым занимается дочернее предприятие) и с минимум персонала (45 человек), Contract Warеhousing помогает компаниям снижать финансовые и временные затраты на 20–30%[32].
Сравнительный анализ моделей концепции «party logistics» и преимущества модели 5PL представлены в таблице 1 [28].

Таблица 2.1 – Анализ моделей PL-провайдеров
Критерии 3PL-провайдер 4PL-провайдер 5PL-провайдер
Тип услуг Тактические Стратегические Стратегические +
ИТ-управление

Основная функция Выполняет некоторые (или все) физические логистические функции в интересах клиента Выполняет все логистические функции в рамках цепи поставок с акцентом на управление и улучшение эффективности всей цепи Превращает цепь поставок клиента в ИТ-управляемую систему
Владение активами Может обладать или не обладать собственными материальными активами, основной актив – знания, технологическая составляющая сводится отслеживанию грузов Практически нет материальных активов, основные активы – знания и технологии Практически нет материальных активов, основные активы – знания и технологии
Потен-
циальные клиенты Компании, у которых нет собственных ресурсов или знаний для выполнения операций Компании со сложными цепями поставок Крупные компании с очень сложными цепями поставок

В отношении перспектив развития этого уровня логистики мнения экспертов сильно различаются. Некоторые вообще утверждают, что введение определения 5PL – это скорее маркетинговый ход, чисто теоретическое построение. Ничего принципиально нового в практику логистической деятельности он не привносит, а лишь совершенствует 4PL-уровень – автоматизирует и оптимизирует работу по поиску логистических решений. [37].
В дополнение к этому многие эксперты говорят о том, что, несмотря на глобализацию мировой информационной среды, крупнейшие транснациональные операторы не заинтересованы в интеграции в единое информационное пространство, поскольку это создаст намного более неблагоприятную для них конкурентную среду и нивелирует их достижения по созданию собственных сервисных сетей. Им более интересно развиваться в сторону монополизации рынка и утверждения своей исключительности, а не участвовать в создании открытого информационного логистического пространства [17].

Результаты (английский) 1:

Under virtual enterprise is "dynamic open business system based on formation of legally independent enterprises of uniform information space with the aim of sharing its technological resources for the implementation of all phases of work on the implementation of the project (customer order) from sources of raw materials to delivery of products to the final consumer.Industry Canada describes 5PL as an organization that "plans, organizes and implements logistics solutions on behalf of one of the Contracting Parties (mainly in the field of information systems) through the use of appropriate technology" [2]. As a rule, aimed at large companies 5PL, whose chain of great complexity in the management of, and seek to transform the supply chain of its customers in the it-managed system of communication between suppliers and customers [to succeed in the future].A good example of a large 5PL provider can serve as a New Zealand company Contract Warehousing Nеw Zealand Limited.Contract Warehousing Group has gone from simple road transport and cargo handling in the 70-ies. last century to provider of warehouse and logistics solutions (3PL) and supply chain management services (4PL) with an annual turnover of over 3 million. USD and more than 90 customers in New Zealand and Australia. In 2010, the company signed a contract with the largest Australian supplier of transport and logistics software TransLogix on the introduction of a new software product Integrated Sapphire Transport & Logistics Management Suitе.Contract Warehousing 5PL is the provider, since it provides not just a comprehensive supply chain management services, and based on the introduction of information technologies in client companies. Practically not owning physical assets (except for the large warehouse, which deals with subsidiary) and with a minimum of staff (45 persons), Contract Warehousing helps companies reduce the financial and time costs of 20-30% [32].Comparative analysis of models of the concept of "party logistics and 5PL model benefits are presented in table 1 [28].Table 2.1-PL models Analysis providers Criteria for 3PL provider 4PL service provider ISP 5PLType of service Tactical Strategic Strategic + It management The main function performs some (or all) physical logistics functions in the interests of the client performs all logistics functions within the supply chain, with an emphasis on governance and improving the efficiency of the whole chain Turns customer supply chain in an it-managed systemAsset ownership can have or do not have their own tangible assets, main asset-knowledge, technological component reduced cargo tracking virtually no tangible assets fixed assets-knowledge and technology has virtually no tangible assets fixed assets-knowledge and technologyCAPAC-prospective clients who have no own resources or knowledge to carry out the operations of Companies with complex supply chains of large companies with very complex supply chainsWith regard to the development prospects of this level logistics expert opinions vary greatly. Some even argue that the introduction of definitions 5PL is more a marketing ploy, a purely theoretical construct. Anything new in the practice of logistics activities he does not bring, but merely improves the 4PL-level-automates and optimizes search for logistics solutions. [37]. In addition to this, many experts say that, despite the globalization of the world's largest transnational information environment, operators are not interested in integrating into a single information space, since this would make it much more unfavorable for them, the competitive environment and eliminates their achievements on creating your own service networks. More interesting to evolve toward monopolization and approve its exclusivity, but did not participate in the creation of open information and logistics space [17].

Результаты (английский) 2:

Under the virtual enterprise is defined as "a dynamic open business system based on the formation of a legally independent companies united information space with the aim of sharing its technological resources for the implementation of all phases of work on the implementation of the project (customer order) from the sources of raw materials to delivery of products to the final consumer."
Industry Canada describes 5PL as an organization that "plans, organizes and implements logistics solutions on behalf of one of the contracting parties (mainly in the field of information systems) through the use of appropriate technologies". [2]
As a general rule, 5PL aimed at large companies whose supply chain is of great complexity in the management of, and seek to transform the supply chain of its customers in the IT-driven communication system between suppliers and buyers [to succeed in future developments].
A good example of a large 5PL-provider can serve as a New Zealand company Contract Warehousing New Zealand Limited.
Contract Warehousing Group has grown from a simple transport and cargo handling in 70-ies. the last century to the provider of warehouse and logistics solutions (3PL) services and supply chain management (4PL) with an annual turnover of more than 3 million. USD and more than 90 customers in New Zealand and Australia. In 2010, the company signed a contract with a major Australian supplier of transport and logistics software TransLogix the introduction of a new software product Integrated Sapphire Transport & Logistics Management Suite.
Contract Warehousing is precisely 5PL-ISP, as it provides not only comprehensive services for supply chain management and based on the introduction of information technology in the client company. Virtually owning tangible assets (except for the large warehouse, which has been a subsidiary) and with a minimum of staff (45 persons), Contract Warehousing helps companies reduce the financial and time costs by 20-30%. [32]
A comparative analysis of models of the concept of «party logistics» and advantages of the model 5PL presented in Table 1 [28]. Table 2.1 - Analysis of models of PL-providers Criteria for 3PL-provider 4PL-provider 5PL-Provider Service Type Tactical Strategic Strategic + IT management of the main functions of some (or all) of the physical logistics functions in the interests of the client performs all logistics functions within the supply chain with a focus on managing and improving the efficiency of the entire chain Turns supply chain clients in IT managed system Ownership of assets may or may not have their own physical assets, the main asset - knowledge, technological component reduces tracking cargo Virtually no material assets, fixed assets - knowledge and technology there is practically no material assets, the main assets - the knowledge and technology Potente tial customers of the Company, which do not have their own resources or knowledge to carry out the Company's operations with complex supply chains Large companies with very complex supply chain With respect to prospects for the development of this level of logistics experts' opinions differ greatly. Some even argue that the introduction of the definition 5PL - this is more a marketing ploy, purely theoretical construction. There is nothing fundamentally new in the practice of logistics activities, he does not add, but rather improves the 4PL-level - automates and optimizes the work of finding logistics solutions. [37]. In addition, many experts say that despite the globalization of the world information environment, the major multinational operators are not interested in integration into a single information space, as it will create a much more unfavorable for them competitive environment and levels of achievement for create their own service networks. They are more interesting to develop toward the monopolization of the market and the adoption of its exclusivity, not to participate in the creation of an open information logistics space [17].

Результаты (английский) 3:

under the virtual enterprise is "dynamic open business systembased on the formation of legally independent companies of a single information space with a view to sharing their technological resources for the implementation of all phases of workproject (order client) from sources of raw materials to the final consumer product delivery.
industry canada describes 5PL as an organization that "plans, organizes and implements the logistics solutions on behalf of one of the contracting parties (mainlyin the field of information systems, through the use of appropriate technologies [2].
generally 5PL focus on large companies, whose supply chain is greater complexity in managementand strive to make the supply chain of their clients in the it managed communications between suppliers and buyers to catch in the future [].an example of a 5PL provider may serve as a new zealand company contract Warеhousing Nеw Zеaland Limitеd.
contract Warеhousing group went from simple road transport of cargo handling in the 1970s.the last century to the provider, warehouse and logistics solutions (3PL) and supply chain management services (4PL) with annual turnover of more than 3 million. usd and more than 90 customers in new zealand and australia.in 2010, the company signed a contract with the largest australian supplier of transport and logistics software TransLogix on the implementation of the new software Intеgratеd Sapphirе transport & logistics Managеmеnt
contract Warеhousing is 5PL provider because it provides not only the integrated supply chain management services, and based on the introduction of information technology in the company's customers.almost with tangible assets (except the large warehouse, which is a subsidiary company) and with a minimum of personnel (45).contract Warеhousing helps companies reduce the financial and time costs of 20-30% [32]. comparative analysis of the models of "party logistics» and advantages of the model are presented in table 1 5PL [28]

table 2.1 is the analysis of models of pl providers
criteria 3PL 4PL isp isp isp services 5PL
type tactical strategic strategic management


itthe main function of performing some (or all) of the physical logistics functions for client performs all the logistics functions in the framework of the supply chain, with emphasis on management and efficiency improvementcircuit converts the supply chain customer in it by the system.assets may or may not have their own asset, the asset is the knowledge, the technology part is tracing goods almost no tangible assetsthe main assets is the knowledge and technology practically no tangible assets, the fixed assets is the knowledge and technology

in the potential customers of the company.who do not have the resources or expertise to perform operations of complex supply chain large companies with very complex supply chain

on the development prospects of this level of logistics expert opinion varies widely. some even argue that the introduction of the definition 5PL is a marketing ploy, purely theoretical formation.nothing is new in the practice of logistics activities, he adds, but improves the 4PL - level - automates and optimizes the job for logistics solutions. [37].
in addition to this, many experts say that, despite the globalization of the world's information environment.major transnational operators are not interested in the integration of the single information spacebecause it would create a much more unfavorable competitive environment for them and disregards their achievements in establishing their service networks.it is more interesting to develop in the direction of the monopolization of market and the approval of its exclusivity, but not to participate in the establishment of open information logistics space [17].