TEXT 1AEDUCATION IN RUSSIA1. Ancien

TEXT 1A
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
1. Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states and held a leading place in the world history. The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the 9th century. Towards the end of this century the replacement of religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began.
Between the 10th and 13th centuries Russians developed a high civilization, which formed the foundation of the Russian culture in the following centuries. During this period numerous cultural treasures were accumulated. The written works of the time show that the level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of Ancient
Greece.
Monasteries were cultural and educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops, in which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated but original books were written. Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high culture and knowledge.
2. In pre-revolutionary Russia there was a network of primary schools for common people. Nevertheless illiteracy among common people was very high. Well-off people taught their children in grammar schools,1 commercial schools or secondary schools teaching no classics.2
There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to those schools was limited For example, at lycee where AS. Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred. Only boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for six years They were taught many different subjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, geography, mathematics, physics, logic, law, rhetoric and such foreign languages as French, English, German and Latin. Great attention was paid to different arts and physical training: riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. The aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. Those who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their state.
3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the first University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov and in accordance with his plan. Later, universities were opened in many other big cities of the country.
4. After the revolution in 1917, education was guaranteed to Soviet citizens by the Constitution and was free of charge, including higher education. Teaching at schools was conducted in almost all national languages. The system of education was the same throughout the country.
School attendance was compulsory for those between 7 and 15. Those who completed their secondary education and passed entrance examinations to higher education establishments received monthly grants if they did not fail the examinations that they took at the end of each term. Higher education lasted five years.
5 In 1991 the former fifteen republics of the Soviet Union became independent states. The Russian Federation, the biggest and the most powerful of them began to develop as a democratic state. From the very start democratic reforms began to take place in many fields of life. The latest changes in political, economic and social conditions required changes in the system of education. Its aim is to prepare the growing generation for independent life and work in new conditions.
New curriculums were introduced in schools such as "The World Around Us" for younger students and "Fundamentals of Information Science and Computer Engineering", "Ethics and Psychology of Family Life" for senior students. Along with state schools where education is free of charge there appeared many private schools, colleges, lycees,3 gymnasiums and different courses where students can study sciences and humanities including foreign languages.
6. At some schools the leavers are sent abroad to continue their education at Sorbonne in Paris, at the Universities of Great Britain, Germany, USA and other countries.
After graduating from those Universities they return to their country to work in different fields of national economy.
A former student of a Russian school said on his return home: "I was surprised how much there is in common between Russian and Western young people - their love for entertainments and the same kind of music and their wish to know everything new. I hope there will be time when young people from abroad will also come to our country to study.
Such exchanges of students will undoubtedly result in better understanding among people which in its turn will bring greater stability to the whole world."








Education-образование
Language- язык
To introduce- вводить
Shop- цех, мастерская
State- государство
Primary- начальный, основной, первостепенный
Nevertheless- все же, тем не менее
Entrance- поступление, вход
To enter- поступать, входить
Age- возраст, век
Subject- предмет
Higher education – высшее образование
Secondary education- среднее образование
To attend- посещать
After- после
To leave- оставить, уехать
To pass an examination- сдать экзамен
To receive- получать
To fail (in) an examination- не выдержать экзамен
To take an examination- держать экзамен
Term- семестр
Almost- почти
Aim- цель​
To aim- стремиться
Broad- широкий
Generation- поколение
Course- курс
Foreign- иностранный
To take place- происходить, случаться
To equip- оборудовать, оснащать
Latest- новейший, последний
To require- требовать
During- в течение, во время
Usually- обычно
To last- продолжаться, длиться
Graduation- окончание высшего учебного заведения
To graduate from – окончить высшее учебное заведение
To return- возвращаться
Field- поле, область, сфера деятельности
Former- прежний, предшествующий
Between- между
To realize- понимать, осознавать, осуществлять
To complete- заканчивать, завершать
Common- общий
Kind- род, сорт, вид
Wish- желание
Towards- к, по отношению к , по направлению к
Important- важный

Результаты (английский) 1:

TEXT 1AEDUCATION IN RUSSIA1. Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states and held a leading place in the world history. The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the 9th century. Towards the end of this century the replacement of religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began.Between the 10th and 13th centuries Russians developed a high civilization, which formed the foundation of the Russian culture in the following centuries. During this period numerous cultural treasures were accumulated. The written works of the time show that the level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of AncientGreece.Monasteries were cultural and educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops, in which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated but original books were written. Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high culture and knowledge.2. In the pre-revolutionary Russia there was a network of primary schools for common people. Illiteracy among common people nevertheless was very high. Well-off people taught their children in grammar schools, 1 commercial schools or secondary schools teaching the classics No. 2.There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to those schools was limited, For example, at lycee where clause. Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred. Only boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for six years They were taught many different subjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, geography, mathematics, physics, logic, rhetoric, law and foreign languages such as French, English, German and Latin. Great attention was paid to different arts and physical training: riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. The aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. Those who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their state.3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the first University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov and in accordance with his plan. Later, universities were opened in many other big cities of the country.4. After the revolution in 1917, education was guaranteed to Soviet citizens by the Constitution and was free of charge, including higher education. Teaching at schools was conducted in almost all national languages. The system of education was the same throughout the country.School attendance was compulsory for those between 7 and 15. Those who completed their secondary education and passed entrance to higher education establishments attended received monthly grants if they did not fail the attended that they took at the end of each term. Higher education lasted five years.5 In 1991 the former fifteen republics of the Soviet Union became independent states. The Russian Federation, the biggest and the most powerful of them began to develop as a democratic state. From the very start democratic reforms began to take place in many fields of life. The latest changes in the political, economic and social conditions required changes in the system of education. Its aim is to prepare the growing generation for independent life and work in new conditions.New curriculums were introduced in schools such as "The World Around Us" for younger students and "Fundamentals of Information Science and Computer Engineering", "Ethics and Psychology of Family Life" for senior students. Along with state schools where education is free of charge there appeared many private schools, colleges, lycees, gymnasiums and 3 different courses where students can study sciences and humanities including foreign languages.6. At some schools the leavers are sent abroad to continue their education at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the Universities of Great Britain, Germany, USA and other countries.After graduating from those Universities they return to their country to work in different fields of national economy.A former student of a Russian school said on his return home: "I was surprised how much there is in common between Russian and Western young people-their love for entertainments and the same kind of music and their wish to know everything new. I hope there will be time when young people from abroad will also come to our country to study.Such exchanges of students will undoubtedly result in better understanding among people, which in its turn will bring greater stability to the whole world. " Education-educationLanguage-the languageTo introduce-enterShop-shop, workshopState-StatePrimary-initial, basic, primaryNevertheless-all the same, howeverEntrance-admission, entranceTo enter-come, enterAge-age 21Subject-subjectHigher education-higher educationSecondary education-secondary educationTo attend, to attend aAfter-afterTo leave-leave, leaveTo pass an examination-examinationTo receive-receiveTo fail (in) an examination-no examTo take an examination-keep the examTerm-semesterAlmost-almostAim-aimTo aim-aimBroad-wideGeneration-a generationCourse-courseForeign-foreignTo take place-to happen happensTo equip-equip, equipLatest-the latest, lastTo require require-During-during, duringUsually, usuallyTo last-continue lastGraduation-completion of a higher education institutionTo graduate from-graduate institution of higher educationTo return-to returnField-the field, scope, scopeFormer-former, previousBetween-betweenTo realize-realize, realize, exerciseTo complete-finish, completeCommon-commonKind-born, sort of, kind ofWish-wishTowards, towards, towardsImportant-important

Результаты (английский) 2:

1A TEXT
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
1. Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states and held a leading place in the world history. The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the 9th century. The end of Towards this century the replacement of religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began.
Between the 10th and 13th centuries Russians developed a high civilization, which formed the foundation of the Russian culture in the following centuries. During this period numerous cultural treasures were accumulated. Written works of The the time show that the level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of Ancient
Greece.
Monasteries were cultural and educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops, in which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated but original books were written. Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high culture and knowledge.
2. In pre-revolutionary Russia there was a network of primary schools for common people. Nevertheless illiteracy among common people was very high. Well-off people taught their children in grammar schools, 1 schools or secondary commercial schools teaching no classics.2
There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to those schools was limited For example, at lycee where AS. Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred. Only boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for six years They were taught many different subjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, geography, mathematics, physics, logic, law, rhetoric and such foreign languages ​​as French, English, German and Latin. Great attention was paid to different arts and physical training: riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. The aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. Those who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their state.
3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the first University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of MV Lomonosov and in accordance with his plan. Later, universities were opened in many other big cities of the country.
4. After the revolution in 1917, education was guaranteed to Soviet citizens by the Constitution and was free of charge, including higher education. Teaching at schools was conducted in almost all national languages. System of education The was the same throughout the country.
School attendance was compulsory for those between 7 and 15. Those who completed their secondary education and passed entrance examinations to higher education establishments received monthly grants if they did not fail the examinations that they took at the end of each term. Higher education lasted five years.
5 In 1991 the former fifteen republics of the Soviet Union became independent states. The Russian Federation, the biggest and the most powerful of them began to develop as a democratic state. From the very start democratic reforms began to take place in many fields of life. The latest changes in political, economic and social conditions required changes in the system of education. Its aim is to prepare the growing generation for independent life and work in new conditions.
New curriculums were introduced in schools such as "The World Around Us" for younger students and "Fundamentals of Information Science and Computer Engineering", "Ethics and Psychology of Family Life "for senior students. Along with state schools where education is free of charge there appeared many private schools, colleges, lycees, 3 gymnasiums and different courses where students can study sciences and humanities including foreign languages.
6. At some schools the leavers are sent abroad to continue their education at Sorbonne in Paris, at the Universities of Great Britain, Germany, USA and other countries.
After graduating from those Universities they return to their country to work in different fields of national economy.
A former student of a Russian school said on his return home: "I was surprised how much there is in common between Russian and Western young people - their love for entertainments and the same kind of music and their wish to know everything new. I hope time will be there when young people from abroad will also come to our country to study.
Such exchanges of students will undoubtedly result in better understanding among people which in its turn will bring greater stability to the whole world. "Education-education Language- language To introduce- enter Shop- shop, workshop State- State Primary- primary, paramount Nevertheless- yet nonetheless Entrance- admission, entrance To enter- do, go Age- age, age Subject- object Higher education - higher Education Secondary education- Secondary Education To attend- visit After- after To leave- leave, leave To pass an examination- pass the exam To receive- getting To fail (in) an examination- not pass the examination To take an examination- take the examination Term- Semester Almost- almost Aim- goal To aim- seek Broad- wide Generation- generation Course- course Foreign- foreign To take place- to happen, happen To equip- equip, equip Latest- newest, the latest To require- require During- for During Usually- usually To last- continue last Graduation- graduating from high school To graduate from - to graduate from college To return- back Field- field area, the scope of Former- former preceding Between- between To realize- understand , to realize exercise To complete- finish, completing the Common- general Kind- gender, grade, type Wish- desire Towards- to, with respect to, towards Important- important

Результаты (английский) 3:

text 1a
producing in russia
1. ancient rus was one of the early feudal states and held a leading place in the world history. the english written language came to rus from bulgaria in the 9th century. towards the end of this century the replacement of religious books in greek for those in the english language began. between the 10th and 13th centuries who developed a high students.which formed the foundation of the english culture in the following centuries. during this period its cultural treasures were accumulated. the written works of the time show that the level of knowledge on most natural in was as high as that of ancient greece Monasteries
.
for cultural and educational centers. they had large libraries and well - equipped by making shopsin which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated and original books were written. today we can say that confidently ancient rus was a state of high culture and the arts.
2. in pre revolutionary russia there was a network of primary schools for the common people. the illiteracy among common people was very high. well off people taught their children in grammar schools.1 commercial schools or secondary schools and no classics.2. there were also schools for cloth only. entrance to those schools was limited, for example, at lycee where as. the four years the number of pupils ranged from ninety to one hundred.the boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and set there for six years they were taught in different subjects. the most important in english literature, history, geography, mathematics, physics, logic, law, rhetoric and such foreign languages as french, english, german and latin. great attention was paid to different arts and physical training.riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. the aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. those who graduated from such educational institutions is entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of the state.
3.the history of higher education in russia goes back to 1755, when the university was the first one in moscow on the initiative of m. available and in accordance with the plan. later, universities were opened in many other big cities of the country.
4. after the revolution in 1917, education was guaranteed to the citizens by the constitution and was free of charge, including higher education.teaching at schools was conducted in almost all national languages. the system of education was the same throughout the country. school attendance is compulsory for those between 7 and 15.those who completed their secondary education and passed entrance examinations for higher education establishments received monthly grants if they did not fail the examinations that they took at the end of each term. higher education had five years.
5 in 1991 the former team's study of the soviet union became independent states. the russian federation,the biggest and the most powerful of them began to develop as a democratic state. from the very start of reforms began to take place in many fields of life. the latest changes in political, economic and social conditions required changes in the system of education. its aim is to prepare the growing generation for independent life and work in new conditions.new curriculums were introduced in schools such as "the world around us" and "for students and Fundamentals of information science and computer engineering", "ethics and psychology of family life" for senior students. along with state schools where education is free of charge there appeared many private schools, colleges, lycees,3 gymnasiums and different courses where students can study sciences and humanities and foreign languages.
6. at some schools the leavers are sent abroad to continue their education at the sorbonne in paris, at the universities of great britain, germany, usa and other countries.after graduating from those universities, they return to their country to work in different fields of national economy. a former student of english school said on his return home, "i was they how much is in common between english and western young people - their love for entertainments and the same kind of music and their wish to know everything new.i hope there will be time when young people from abroad will also come to our country to study.
such exchanges of students will undoubtedly result in better understanding among people, which in its turn will bring greater stability to the whole world. "









language education - education - language. to introduce to
shop - shop, shop.state - - state
primary initial, primary, primary
it is, nevertheless,
i - entrance, entrance
to enter - do include
age - age, the age of the subject - object

higher education is the higher education.secondary education - secondary education - to visit

to attend after after
to leave, leave, leave
to pass an examination, exam
to receive, to receive
to fail (in) an examination does not withstand examination
to take an examination to exam
term - term
almost - almost.aim: цель​
to aim aim
broad wide
generation - generation
course - course
foreign foreign
to take place, happen, occur
to equip - equip, furnish
latest - the last
to require to
from within, while usually usually

to last, last, last
Graduation - the institution of higher education. to graduate from - graduate university
to return - back
field field field field
former - former preceding
between between.to realize, to understand, to implement
to complete, finish, complete
common common
kind, family, class, type

wish - wish towards to, towards, towards
important important