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Neutron stars
If the kernel is degenerate stars, when approaching the limit of its mass 1,4Msun normal degeneration of the electron gas in the nucleus is replaced by a so-called relativistic degeneracy. Quantum movement degenerate electrons become so fast that their speed approaching the speed of light. In this case the elasticity of gas falls, its ability to counteract the forces of gravity decreases, and the star undergoes gravitational collapse. During collapse, electrons are captured by protons, and there neutronization substance. This leads to the formation of a massive degenerate core of the neutron star. If the original mass of the star's core exceeds 1,4Msun, then the core is achieved by a high fever, and the electron degeneracy does not occur throughout its evolution. In this case, negative working heat capacity: As the energy loss in the form of a star radiation temperature rising in its interior, and is a continuous chain fusion reactions of hydrogen into helium, helium gas to carbon, oxygen, carbon, and so on, up to the iron group elements. The reaction of thermonuclear fusion of elements of nuclei heavier than iron, is no longer with the release and absorption of energy. Therefore, if the mass of the star's core, consisting essentially of iron group elements exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit 1,4Msun, but less than the so-called limit Oppenheimer-Volkoff ~ 3Msun, at the end of the nuclear stellar evolution takes place the gravitational collapse of the nucleus, resulting in the outer hydrogen shell star is cleared, that there is a flash of a supernova of type II, which are observed in the spectrum of strong hydrogen lines.
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