Первые поселенияВозраст Москвы точн

Первые поселения

Возраст Москвы точно не известен. Самые древние археологические находки на территории Москвы относятся к каменному веку. С конца первого тысячелетия в районе современной Москвы поселились славяне: вятичи и кривичи. Вятичи составляли основную часть первоначального населения Москвы. Археологические раскопки, проведённые в районе Кремля, свидетельствуют, что к концу XI века там уже существовало поселение, защищённое валом и рвом.

Первым достоверным летописным упоминанием считается указание Ипатьевской летописи на субботу 4 апреля 1147 года, когда ростово-суздальский князь Юрий Долгорукий принимал в городке под названием Москов своих друзей и союзников во главе с новгород-северским князем Святославом Ольговичем. В 1156 году здесь были построены новые деревянные укрепления. Общая территория увеличилась в 3—4 раза.

Красная площадь. Картина Ф. Алексеева

Дорога к Московскому Кремлю у Иверских (Воскресенских) ворот. Акварель начала XIX в.

В 1237—1238 годах, во время монголо-татарского нашествия на Русь, Москва была разграблена и сожжена, однако её вскоре восстановили.
Москва — столица княжества
Основная статья: Великое княжество Московское

Во второй половине XIII века при князе Данииле Александровиче (сыне Александра Невского) Москва стала центром самостоятельного удельного княжества. Расположение города на пересечении торговых путей способствовало его росту и возвышению[61]. В начале XIV века владения Москвы расширились, к ним были присоединены Коломенское и Можайское княжества.

В XIV веке происходит возвышение Москвы как центра Великого княжества Московского. Начиная с Юрия Даниловича московские князья носят титул Великий князь Владимирский[61].

В XIV веке в Москву была перенесена резиденция митрополитов, а в 1589 году была учреждена Московская патриархия. Таким образом, возросло значение города как религиозного центра.

Карта зон старой Москвы. Кремль, Китай-город, Белый город, Земляной город

При князе Иване Калите в Москве развернулось масштабное строительство, появились первые каменные здания (до той поры город был полностью деревянным). В XIV — начале XV века Москва была крупным торговым и ремесленным городом; в её состав входили территории Кремля, Китай-города, и слобод в Замоскворечье, Занеглименье и Заяузье.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The first settlements of Moscow's Age

not exactly known. The oldest archaeological finds on the territory of Moscow to the stone age. With the end of the first Millennium in the modern Moscow settled Slavs: vyatichi and krivichi. Lilac Park provided the bulk of the initial population. Archaeological excavations conducted in the Kremlin, indicate that by the end of the 11th century there already existed a settlement, secure the shaft and moat.

the first reliable Chronicles mention is instructed on ipatiy Chronicles Saturday April 4, 1147 year When the Rostov-suzdal Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in London town called their friends and allies, led by the Novgorod-siverskyi Prince Svyatoslav Ol′govičem. In 1156, here were built new wooden building. The total area was increased by 3-4 times.

the red square. Picture f. Alekseeva

road to the Moscow Kremlin from the Iverskih (Resurrection) gate. Watercolor early 19th

in 1237-1238, during the Mongol invasion of RUS ', Moscow was looted and burned, but it soon regained.
-
capital of the main article: Grand Duchy of Moscow

in the second half of the 13th century under Prince Danilo Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son), Moscow became the center of independent local Prince. The city's location at the crossroads of trade routes has contributed to its growth and elevation of [61]. In the early 14th century, ownership of Moscow had increased, they were joined by Kolomenskoye and Mozhaysk.

In the 14th century is the rise of Moscow as the center of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Starting from Yuri Danilovich princes are the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir's [61].

In the 14th century residence has been transferred to Moscow metropolitans, and in 1589, was established the Moscow Patriarchate. Thus, the increased importance of the city as a religious center.

zone map of old Moscow. The Kremlin, China town, White City, earthy town

under Prince Ivan Kalita of Moscow began a large-scale construction, the first stone of the building (until the city was completely made of wood). In the 14th and early 15th century, Moscow was a major trading and handicraft town; It consisted of the territory of the Kremlin, kitai-Gorod and zamoskvorechye districts, Zaneglimen′e and Elevator.

Результаты (английский) 3:

The first settlements

age Moscow is not known with precision. The most ancient archaeological artifacts on the territory of Moscow are Zarautsay. With the end of the first millennium development goals in the area of Moscow have settled slavs.Вятичи and ancient. Вятичи made up the bulk of the original population of Moscow. The archaeological excavations carried out in the region, Russia showed that, by the end of XI century there was already a settlement,Secure the shaft and moat.Lord the first reliable ) is considered to be a reference to the Rus amalgamation on Saturday, 4 April 1147,When rostov-suzdalian Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky participated in the town called restore horse exhibitions which were organized their friends and allies in the Novgorod-северским Ольговичем Procuracy General prince.In 1156, there have been built new wooden building. The total area has increased in the 3-4 times.

Red square. The picture S. Borshchev

road to the Moscow Kremlin the Иверских (Воскресенских) gate.Image Usage Policy. The beginning XIX in.lord in 1237-1238, respectively, during the polish Tatar invasions on the Malachite, Moscow has been looted and burned, but its soon restored.
Moscow - the capital principality of
the main article:The Grand Principality of Moscow

during the second half (XIII century to wield such Daniyle Uslisti (son Alexander Nevsky Cathedral) - Moscow has become a center for self-representation principality.The location at the intersection of trade routes has contributed to its growth and uplifting[ 61). In the early fourteenth century ownership of Moscow have been expanded, to which have been connected and sparsely populated Можаиское principality.

In the fourteenth century is lurking behind Moscow as the center of the Great Principality of Moscow. Starting with Yuri Vasilyevsky Island Moscow princes and title are the great prince Vladimir[ 61] .

In the fourteenth century in Moscow had been moved to the residence metropolitans, and in 1589, was established by the Moscow Patriarchate. Thus, the city has increased in importance as a religious center.

Map zones old Moscow. Kremlin,China city, White city, earthen city

to wield such Ivan he in Moscow took place extensive construction, are now the first stone buildings (up to the date the city was fully wooden).In XIV - the early XV century Moscow was a major trade and craft the city; in its composition included the Kremlin, China town, and слобод in top, and Занеглименье Заяузье.