Инфекционные и паразитарные болезни

Инфекционные и паразитарные болезни

Инфекционные заболевания – это болезни, причинами которых являются микроорганизмы: бактерии, вирусы, грибы, паразиты или их токсины.

Восприимчивость к инфекционным заболеваниям зависит от множества факторов: от возраста, перенесенных и сопутствующих заболеваний, питания, вакцинации. Она изменяется во время беременности и, возможно, зависит от эмоционального состояния. Все эти факторы оказывают влияние на иммунитет – способность человека противостоять инфекциям. Инфекционный процесс представляет собой взаимодействие макро- и микроорганизма. При нормальном иммунитете проникновению возбудителя препятствует целый ряд защитных барьеров; при снижении силы хотя бы одного из них восприимчивость человека к инфекциям увеличивается.

За последние десятилетия в лечении инфекционных заболеваний был сделан огромный шаг вперед. В основном это произошло благодаря поистине революционному открытию антибактериальных свойств пенициллина в 1940 году. С появлением антибиотиков многим казалось, что инфекции скоро будут представлять лишь исторический интерес. А ведь со времен Второй мировой войны были созданы сотни препаратов, не только антибактериальных, но и противовирусных, противогрибковых, антипаразитарных, большинство из которых эффективны и безопасны. Но несмотря на это, инфекционные заболевания все еще остаются основной причиной ухудшения здоровья миллионов людей во всем мире и одной из главных причин смерти. Как это объяснить? Необходимо помнить, что инфекционные заболевания – особый вид болезней, причина которых – живой организм, который способен видоизменяться и эволюционировать. Причем, процесс этот у микроорганизмов происходит значительно быстрее, чем у людей. У микробов выработались механизмы, позволяющие им противостоять столь мощному оружию, как препараты, создаваемые человеком. Количество устойчивых к существующим антибиотикам форм патогенных микробов становится угрожающим. Инфекционные болезни, которые во многих странах считались почти искорененными – туберкулез, холера, ревматизм, - возобновились с новой силой. Во многом эта ситуация обусловлена бесконтрольным приемом антибактериальных препаратов. Сейчас на фармацевтическом рынке существует огромное количество различных антибиотиков, список которых пополняется с каждым днем. Выбор того или иногопрепарата, а также необходимость его приема в каждом конкретном случае должен определять только специалист, что в наше время далеко не всегда соблюдается.

В последние годы были открыты возбудители ранее неизвестных инфекционных заболеваний, с которыми человек соприкоснулся в результате изменения окружающей среды и миграции населения. Кроме того, стало известно, что микробы являются причиной некоторых болезней, которые раньше считались неинфекционными. Например, определенный вид бактерий ( Helicobacter pylori ) играет роль в развитии язвенной болезни желудка. В настоящее время существует множество гипотез о роли вирусов в образовании доброкачественных и злокачественных опухолей.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Infectious and parasitic diseasesInfectious disease is a disease caused by micro-organisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or their toxins.Susceptibility to infectious diseases depends on many factors: age, migrated and related diseases, nutrition, vaccination. It changes during pregnancy and may depend on the emotional state. All these factors have an impact on a person's ability to withstand the immunity to infection. Infective process represents the interaction between macro-and micro-organism. With normal immunity prevents a number of causative agent penetration of protective barriers; by reducing the force of at least one of them human susceptibility to infections increases.Over the past decade in treating infectious diseases was made a huge step forward. Mostly this is due to the truly revolutionary discovery of the antibacterial properties of penicillin in the 1940 year. With the advent of antibiotics it seemed to many that the infection will soon represent the only historical interest. But since the second world war were created hundreds of drugs, not only antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal but, anti-parasitic, most of which are effective and safe. But despite this, infectious diseases are still the main cause of the deterioration in the health of millions of people around the world and one of the main causes of death. How to explain this? Remember that infectious diseases-a special type of disease, the cause of which is a living organism that can change and evolve. Moreover, this process from microorganisms occurs much faster than humans. Microbes have developed mechanisms that allow them to withstand such a powerful weapons, like drugs, created by man. The number of existing forms of antibiotic resistant pathogens becomes threatening. Infectious diseases, which in many countries were considered almost previously-tuberculosis, cholera, rheumatism, resumed with renewed vigor. In many ways, this situation is caused by the uncontrolled taking of antibacterial drugs. Now on the pharmaceutical market there is a huge number of different antibiotics, the list of which is restocked every day. The choice of inogopreparata, as well as the need for its admission in each case must determine only that in our time is not always respected.In recent years, agents were discovered previously unknown infectious diseases, with which man has as a result of environmental changes Wednesday and population migration. In addition, it became known that microbes are the cause of some diseases that were previously considered non-infectious. For example, a certain type of bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric ulcers. Currently, there are many hypotheses about the role of viruses in the formation of benign and malignant tumors.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Infectious and parasitic diseases

Infectious diseases - a disease whose causes are microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or their toxins.

Susceptibility to infectious diseases depends on many factors: age, migrated and concomitant diseases, nutrition, vaccination. It changes during pregnancy and may depend on the emotional state. All these factors have an impact on the immune system - a person's ability to resist infections. Infectious process is the interaction of macro and micro-organism. At normal immunity prevents the penetration of the pathogen are a number of protective barriers; while reducing the power of at least one of these human increases susceptibility to infection.

Over the past decades in the treatment of infectious diseases is a huge step forward has been made. This was mainly thanks to a truly revolutionary discovery of the antibacterial properties of penicillin in 1940. With the advent of antibiotics it seemed to many that the infection will soon be of only historical interest. But since the Second World War it was created hundreds of drugs, not only antibacterial, and antiviral, antifungal, anti-parasitic, most of which are effective and safe. But despite this, infectious diseases are still a major cause of the deterioration of the health of millions of people around the world and one of the main causes of death. How to explain this? It must be remembered that infectious diseases - a special kind of disease, the cause of which - a living organism, which is able to mutate and evolve. Moreover, the process of the microorganisms is significantly faster than that of humans. At microbes to develop mechanisms that allow them to resist such a powerful weapon as drugs, created by man. Number of resistant to existing antibiotics forms of pathogenic bacteria becomes threatening. Infectious diseases, which in many countries were considered almost eradicated - tuberculosis, cholera, rheumatism, - resumed with renewed vigor. In many ways, this situation is caused by the uncontrolled intake of antibacterial drugs. Now in the pharmaceutical market there is a huge number of different antibiotics, the list of which is replenished every day. The choice inogopreparata, as well as the need to receive in each case must be determined only specialist that in our time is not always observed.

In recent years, it was discovered previously unknown pathogens of infectious diseases, with which people come into contact as a result of environmental change and migration. In addition, it became known that microbes are the cause of some diseases, once considered non-infectious. For example, a certain type of bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric ulcers. Currently, there are many hypotheses about the role of viruses in the formation of benign and malignant tumors. that germs are the cause of some diseases, once considered non-infectious. For example, a certain type of bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric ulcers. Currently, there are many hypotheses about the role of viruses in the formation of benign and malignant tumors. that germs are the cause of some diseases, once considered non-infectious. For example, a certain type of bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric ulcers. Currently, there are many hypotheses about the role of viruses in the formation of benign and malignant tumors.