Потребности могут быть: объективным

Потребности могут быть: объективными (заданными природой или обществом) или субъективными (заданными субъектом управления); первичными или высшими; прошлыми, настоящими или будущими; сопряженными или несопряженными; глобальными или личными; отрицательными или положительными;
индивидуальными или общественными и т.д. В систему законодательства входят: конкурентное право, экологическое право, Гражданский кодекс, Налоговый кодекс, таможенная система, трудовое право и др.
На современном этапе мирового развития конкуренция как движущая сила вынуждает производителей товаров постоянно искать новые пути повышения их качества, снижения цены, повышения качества сервиса. В связи с дефицитностью ресурсов встает новая проблема - экономия ресурсов у потребителей товаров за счет упрощения конструкции и повышения качества товаров. Считается, что в XXI в. эта задача будет приоритетной, а в конце XX в. затраты ресурсов у потребителей сложной техники за срок ее службы превышали цену до 5 раз в промышленно развитых странах и до 20 раз - в развивающихся странах (техники этих стран) [7].
По степени интенсивности конкуренция может быть:
• привлекательной, когда в данном сегменте субъект качественнее удовлетворяет свои потребности или получает прибыли больше, чем в предыдущем сегменте;
• умеренной, когда действия субъекта конкуренции поддерживают конкурентную среду в данном сегменте рынка;
• ожесточенной для объекта конкуренции, когда субъект поглощает, уничтожает либо вытесняет объект из данного сегмента;
• ожесточенной для субъекта конкуренции, когда объект (конкурент) поглощает, уничтожает либо вытесняет объект из данного сегмента;
формы конкуренции:
1) предметная - конкуренция между товарами одной ассортиментной группы, между аналогичными объектами, удовлетворяющими одну и ту же потребность;
2) функциональная - конкуренция между товарами (объектами)-заменителями.
«В современной экономике, для того, чтобы создать конкурентоспособное предприятие, надо не просто модернизировать производство и управление, но и четко знать, для чего это делается, какая цель должна быть достигнута. Главным при этом должно быть одно: умение определить, быстро и эффективно использовать в конкурентной борьбе свои сравнительные преимущества. Все усилия необходимо направить на развитие тех сторон, которые выгодно отличают вас от потенциальных или реальных конкурентов» [8].
Для улучшения конкурентоспособности, прежде всего, должна быть организована профессиональная подготовка своего персонала. Особое внимание здесь следует уделить изучению дисциплин по стандартам, регламентам, сертификатам и пр. Далее необходимо выстроить на предприятии единую систему управления качеством ресурсов, продукции или услуг. Причем основной упор сделать на качестве менеджмента с тем, чтобы не допускать дефектов в производимой продукции или услуге и привлекать полноценные человеческие и финансовые ресурсы. Подобные системы менеджмента качества должны охватывать не только производственную, но и финансовую деятельность предприятия. Наконец, нужно сделать прозрачную систему финансовой отчетности. Для этого необходимо подготовить поколение бухгалтеров, способных заниматься тем, чем занимаются в настоящее время финансовые директора, то есть управлять активами и их справедливой рыночной стоимостью [20].
В современном экономическом мире конкурентоспособность - это степень притягательности данного продукта для потребителя. Конкурентоспособность связана не с отличительными характеристиками товара, а с его привлекательностью для целевой аудитории. Так проявляется в этой сфере суверенитет потребителя: “клиент – всегда прав!” [9].
Она определяется следующими факторами:
 качество продукции и услуг;
 наличие эффективной стратегии маркетинга и сбыта;
 уровень квалификации персонала и менеджмента;
 технологический уровень производства;
 налоговая среда, в которой действует предприятие;
 доступность источников финансирования.
Чтобы определить первоочередные меры по реформированию предприятия, следует определить причины потери его конкурентоспособности.
Существуют и другие важные требования, выполнение которых повышает конкурентоспособность, а именно - рост качества и снижение цены продукции независимо от того, где эта продукция продается - на отечественном или внешнем рынках. Во многом на цену товара или услуги сейчас влияет стоимость обязательной или добровольной международной сертификации.
Далее конкурентоспособность менеджмента и продукции предприятия базируется на доступе к заемным средствам, успешной производственной и торговой деятельности, высокой квалификации персонала.
И наконец, идеальное предприятие должно осуществлять полноценный бухгалтерский учет и внешний аудит своей финансовой деятельности, в соответствии с требованиями стандартов финансовой отчетности.
Что касается конкурентного поведения рыночных субъектов, то существует несколько их типов:
 креативное - поведение, направленное на создание предпосылок, обеспечивающих превосходство над соперниками;
приспособленческое - учитывающее инновационные изменения в производстве (копирование) и упреждающее действия соперников;
обеспечивающее - поведение, направленное на сохранение позиций.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Requirements may be: objective (specified nature or society) or subjective (specified entity management); primary or higher; past, present or future; paired or nesoprâžennymi; global or personal; negative or positive;individual or social etc. in legislative system includes: competition law, environmental law, civil code, tax code, customs, labour law, etc. At the current stage of world development as a driving force of competition is forcing manufacturers constantly look for new ways to improve their quality, reduce prices, improve service quality. In connection with the scarcity of resources, a new problem arises-savings to consumers of goods by simplifying the design and improve products. It is believed that in the 21st century this task will be a priority, and at the end of the 20th century the cost of consumers ' complex technology over its lifetime to exceed the price to 5 times in industrialized countries and up to 20 times in developing countries (technology) [7].On the intensity of competition can be:• attractive when in this segment of the subject better self-sufficient or profit more than in the previous segment;• moderate, where the actions of the subject of the competition support competition in this market segment;• fierce competition for the object, when the subject consumes, destroys or displaces the object of this segment;• fierce competition for the subject when an object (a competitor) absorbs, disposes or displaces the object of this segment;forms of competition:1) the substantive competition between goods of one product group, between similar objects that satisfy the same need;2) functional competition between commodities (objects)-substitutes."In today's economy, in order to create a competitive enterprise, it is necessary not just to upgrade production and management, but also clearly know what you are doing, what the target should be achieved. The principal must be one: the ability to determine quickly and effectively use competitive their comparative advantages. All efforts must be directed towards the development of those parties that distinguish you from potential or actual competitors "[8].To improve competitiveness, especially, should be provided with training for their personnel. Particular attention should be paid to studying of disciplines on standards, regulations, certificates, etc. Next, you build the Enterprise Unified quality management system, products, or services. With the emphasis on quality management done in order to prevent defects in products or services and to bring full human and financial resources. Such quality management system shall cover not only production, but also the financial activity of the enterprise. Finally, you want to make transparent financial reporting system. For this purpose it is necessary to prepare a generation of Accountants able to deal with what are now, CFOs have to manage assets and their fair market value [20].In the modern economic world competitiveness is the degree of attractiveness of this product for the consumer. Competitiveness is associated not with the distinctive characteristics of the goods, but his appeal to the target audience. So evident in this sphere of consumer sovereignty: "the client is always right!" [9].It is determined by the following factors:      the quality of products and services; an effective sales and marketing strategies; the skill level of staff and management; technological level of production; tax environment in which the company operates; the availability of sources of funding.To determine the priority actions to reform the company, determine the reasons for losing its competitiveness.There are other important requirements, which increases competitiveness, namely, increased quality and reduced prices of products regardless of where the products are sold-on domestic or foreign markets. Largely on the price of goods or services now affects the cost of mandatory or voluntary international certification.Further, the management and competitiveness of production of the enterprise is based on the access to debt finance, successful industrial and commercial activities, high qualification of personnel.And finally, the ideal enterprise should undertake a full accounting and external audit of its financial activities in accordance with the requirements of financial reporting standards.With regard to the competitive behaviour of market actors, there are several types: Creative behavior aimed at creating prerequisites to ensure superiority over rivals; prisposoblenčeskoe-taking into account the innovative changes in production (copying) and proactive actions by rivals; ensuring conduct, aimed at preserving positions.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Requirements may be: objective (set by nature or society) or subjective (given the subject of management); primary or higher; past, present or future; conjugated or not; global or personal; negative or positive,
the individual or community, etc. The legislative system are: competition law, environmental law, the Civil Code, the Tax Code, the customs system, labor law and others.
At the present stage of world development as a driving force of competition is forcing goods manufacturers to constantly seek new ways to improve quality, lower prices, better quality service. Due to scarce resources face a new problem - resource savings for consumers of goods by simplifying the design and improving the quality of products. It is believed that the XXI century. This problem will be a priority, and at the end of XX century. overhead consumers sophisticated technology for its service life exceeds the price of up to 5 times in industrialized countries and up to 20 times - in the developing countries (art of these countries). [7]
According to the degree of intensity of competition can be:
• attractive when in this segment subject qualitatively satisfy their needs or receives income more than in the previous segment;
• moderate when the subject of the action supported by the competitive environment of competition in this market segment;
• the object of fierce competition, when the subject consumes, destroys or displaces the object of this segment;
• fierce to the subject of competition, when the object (competitor) absorbs, destroys or displaces the object of this segment;
forms of competition:
1) the subject matter - the competition between the products of one product line, between similar objects that satisfy the same need;
2) functional - the competition between goods (objects) -zamenitelyami.
"In today's economy, in order to create a competitive company, it is necessary not just to modernize the production and management, but also know exactly what is being done, what is to be achieved. The key to this should be one: the ability to identify quickly and effectively use competitive comparative advantages. All efforts should be directed to the development of those aspects that distinguish you from potential or actual competition "[8].
In order to improve competitiveness, first of all, should be organized training for their staff. Particular attention here should be given to the study of disciplines on standards, regulations, certificates, and so on. Next, you need to build a single system at the enterprise quality management, products, or services. And the emphasis is on the quality of management in order to avoid defects in the products or services and bring full human and financial resources. Such quality management system should cover not only production, but also the financial activities of the company. Finally, we need to make transparent financial reporting system. To do this, you need to prepare a generation of accountants who can do what is currently engaged CFOs, that is to manage the assets and their fair market value [20].
In today's world of economic competitiveness - is the degree of attractiveness of the product for the consumer. Competitiveness is not associated with the distinctive characteristics of the goods, and its appeal to the target audience. So evident in this area consumer sovereignty, "the customer - is always right!" [9].
It is defined by the following factors:
 kachestvo products and services;
 an effective marketing and sales strategy;
 the level of qualification of the personnel and management;
 technological level of production;
 tax environment in which businesses operate;
 availability of sources of financing.
In order to determine the priority measures to reform the enterprise should determine the reasons for the loss of competitiveness.
There are other important requirements that increases competitiveness - namely, the improvement in the quality and reducing the price of products, regardless of where the products are sold - on the domestic or foreign markets. In many ways, the price of the goods or services are now affects a mandatory or voluntary international certification.
Next competitiveness of enterprise management and is based on access to loans, the successful production and trading activities, highly qualified staff.
Finally, the perfect enterprise must implement a full accounting and an external audit of its financial activities in accordance with financial reporting standards.
As for the competitive behavior of market actors, there are several types of them:
 creative - behavior aimed at creating prerequisites for providing superiority over rivals;
prisposoblencheskoe - taking into account the innovative changes in production (copy), and pre-emptive action rivals;
obespechivayuschee - behavior aimed at preserving the position.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Requirements can be: objective (defined nature or society) or subjective (pre-defined subject); primary or higher; past, present or future; mating or mismatched.Global or personal; negative or positive;
individual or public, etc.. In the legislation include: a competitive law, environmental law, the Civil Code, tax code,Customs system, labor law and more.
at the present stage of world development competition as the driving force is forcing producers of goods are constantly seek new ways to improve their quality, reduce the price,Improve the quality of service. In connection with resource scarcity raises a new problem - resource savings from consumers of goods by simplifying design and to improve the product quality. It is considered that, in the twenty-first century.This task will be a priority, as well as the end of the twentieth century.Resource costs to consumers complex technology for the life of the exceed price up to 5 times in the industrialized countries and 20 times - in the developing countries (technology these countries) (7) .
For the intensity competition can be:
- attractive, when in this segment entity clients meet their needs or receives a profit more than in the previous segment;
- moderate,When the subject competition support competitive environment in this segment of the market;
the bitter competition for the object, the subject absorbs, destroys or displace an object from this segment;
The fierce competition for a subject, when an object (competitor) absorbs, destroys or displace an object from this segment;
forms of competition:
(1) substantive - competition between goods one discovering the group, between similar objects that meet the same need for;
2) A function - competition between goods (objects) -substitutes.
"In the modern economy, in order to create a competitive business, we must not simply to modernize the production and management, but also to know clearly, for which it is being done, what is to be achieved.The main when this must be one: knows how to identify and respond quickly and efficiently to use in competition against their comparative advantage. All efforts should be directed to the development of those parties,That distinguished you from potential or actual competitors" (8) .
to improve competitiveness, first and foremost, must be provided with training of its staff.Particular attention should be given to the study subjects on standards, regulations, certificates and more. Next, you need to align the enterprise a single system of quality management resources, products or services.With the main focus to be done on the quality management system in order to prevent defects in the product or service and to attract rich human and financial resources.The quality management system should cover not only production, but also financial activities of the enterprise. Finally, you need to do a transparent system of financial reporting.For this it is necessary to prepare a generation of accountants that are capable to deal with it, than currently engaged in financial director, that is to manage the assets and their fair market value (20) .
In today's economic world competitiveness - this is the extent of the magnetic pull the product for the consumer. Competitiveness is not the principal characteristics product,And with its attractive for the target audience. It is evident in this area consumer sovereignty: "the customer is always right!" (9) .
it is determined by the following factors:
 качество products and services;
 The presence of an effective marketing strategy and marketing;
 skill levels of the staff and management;
 technological level of production;
 tax environment in which business operates;
 Availability funding sources.
to determine priority measures to reform business, it should be to identify the reasons for losing its competitiveness.
there are other important requirements,The implementation of which increases competitiveness, namely, increased quality and reduced product price regardless of where the product is sold to the domestic or foreign markets.To a large extent on the price of goods or services is now affects the cost mandatory or voluntary international certification.
Further competitiveness and product management business is based on the access to loanable funds, successful production and trade activities, the high qualifications of staff.
and, finally,The perfect business must carry out a full accounting and external auditing its financial activities, in accordance with the requirements financial reporting standards.
With regard to competitive behavior of market actors, there are several types:
 creative - behavior, aimed at creating conditions for superiority over rivals;
приспособленческое - incorporating innovative changes in production (copy) and proactive steps rivals;
обеспечивающее - behavior, aimed at maintaining the positions.