История появления типологии восходи

История появления типологии восходит к работам Карла Юнга, который в опубликованной в 1921 г. книге «Психологические типы» предположил, что основных психологических функций, помогающих человеку воспринимать мир, четыре. Это – мышление, чувства, интуиция и ощущения. Этот труд был гораздо фундаментальнее, чем представления американки Кэтрин Бриггс, которая просто интересовалась различиями в характерах разных людей. Но, познакомившись с типологией Юнга, она начала детально изучать данную проблематику и даже опубликовала пару научных статей. Типов она выделяла также четыре, и основывалась, по собственному же признанию, на работах Юнга. Но позже теорию значительно расширила дочь Изабель Бриггс-Майерс, придав ей очертания современной.
Случилось это в годы Второй мировой войны. Именно тогда появился Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI –типология, также часто используется термин «соционика»). Это не была «голая» теория – исследовательницы опирались на оригинальные испытания, ими же составленные. Цель изысканий была самой благородной: на основе тестирования определить индивидуальные личностные предпочтения в работе и подобрать женщинам, которые должны были заменить на производстве ушедших в армию мужчин, занятия, где они смогут по достоинству проявить свои таланты. Уже позже, в 50-60-е годы, о типологии положительно отзывались видные учёные, были проведены новые опыты, позволяющие уточнить методику. Но кроме последователей, MBTI имеет и ряд критиков, которые указывают на то, что типология Майерс-Бриггс почти дублирует исследования К. Юнга в теоретической части и не всегда обнаруживает свою валидность на практике.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter предназначен для определения типа темперамента – одной из наиболее устойчивых личностных характеристик. Методика разработана в 1956 году профессором Калифорнийского университета Дэвидом Кейрси (David Keirsey), занимавшимся на протяжении тридцати лет преподаванием и психотерапевтической практикой.
Кейрси развил и дополнил концепцию Карла Густава Юнга с учетом последних достижений. В результате он создал представление о четырех интегральных типах темперамента, различающихся по наиболее существенным и устойчивым психологическим характеристикам – от ценностно-мотивационной структуры до наблюдаемого стиля поведения. Автор выделяет четыре типа темперамента: сенсорно-импульсивный («Дионисий»), сенсорно-планирующий («Эпиметей»), интуитивно-чувственный («Аполлон»), интуитивно-логический («Прометей»). Каждый из типов, в свою очередь, подразделяется на четыре функциональных портрета, отображающих менее существенные (по сравнению с типами) психологические различия. Портреты имеют буквенные и условные словесные обозначения.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The history of typology can be traced back to works of Carl Jung, who published in 1921 d. book "psychological types" suggested that the basic psychological functions that help a person to perceive the world, four. This is a thinking, feeling, intuition and feeling. This work was much is than Americans view Katharine Briggs, which simply inquired about the differences in the characters of different people. But after Jung's typology, she began to study the issues and even published a couple of articles. She also provided four types, and based on its own the same recognition, on the works of Jung. But the later theory has greatly expanded the daughter of Isabel Briggs Myers, giving it a modern shape.It happened during the second world war. It was then that appeared Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI typology is also frequently uses the term "socionics"). This was not a "naked" theory-scholar relied on original tests, they made up. The purpose of the survey was the most noble: based on testing to determine individual personality preferences work and pick up women that should have been replaced at work who had army men, classes where they can appreciate to display their talents. Later, in the 50-60-ies, the typology praised prominent scientists, new experiments were conducted, clarifying the methodology. But in addition to followers, the MBTI has a number of critics who suggest that the Myers-Briggs type indicator almost duplicated research k. Jung in the theoretical part and not always finds its validity into practice.Keirsey Temperament Sorter is designed to determine the type of temperament, one of the most enduring personal characteristics. The technique was developed in 1956 year Professor at the University of California, David Kejrsi (David Keirsey) involved over thirty years teaching and psychological practice. Kejrsi developed and complemented the concept of Carl Gustav Jung in the light of recent developments. As a result, he created the idea of four integral types of temperament, differing on the most significant and enduring psychological characteristics-from value-motivational structure to the observed behaviour. The author distinguishes four types of temperament: sensory-impulsive ("Dionysius"), sensory-Planner ("Epimetheus"), intuitive, sensual ("Apollo"), intuitively-logical ("Prometheus"). Each of the types, in turn, is divided into four functional portraits that display less substantial (over types) psychological differences. Portraits are alphabetic and conditional verbal symbols.

Результаты (английский) 2:

The story of the typology dates back to the work of Carl Jung, who published in 1921 the book "Psychological Types" suggested that the basic psychological functions that help a person to perceive the world, four. This is - thinking, feeling, intuition and sensation. This work was much more fundamental than the submission American Katherine Briggs, which is simply interested in the differences in the characters of different people. But, having become acquainted with the typology of Jung, she began to study the problems in detail, and even published a couple of articles. Types she allocated four, and was based on the recognition of their own, on the works of Jung. But then the theory has significantly expanded daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, giving it a modern outline.
It happened during the Second World War. It then appeared Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI -tipologiya, the term "Socionics" is also often used). It was not a "naked" theory - researcher relied on the original tests, they also created. The aim of research was the most noble: Based on testing to determine individual personal preferences at work and pick up women who have been replaced by the production of the departed to the army men, occupations, where they will be able to appreciate their talents. Later, in the 50-60s, the typology positively responded prominent scientists, new experiences that allow to clarify the methods were carried out. But apart from the followers, the MBTI has a number of critics who suggest that the Myers-Briggs typology almost duplicate study Jung in the theoretical part and not always finds its validity in practice.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter is designed to determine the type of temperament - one of the most stable personal characteristics. The method was developed in 1956 by a professor at the University of California Keyrsi David (David Keirsey), is engaged in over thirty years of teaching and practice of psychotherapy.
Keyrsi developed and added to the concept of Carl Jung with the latest developments. As a result, he created the idea of the integrated four types of temperament, differing on the most significant and stable psychological characteristics - from value-motivational structure to observable behavior style. The author identifies four types of temperament: the sensory-impulsive ( "Dionysius"), sensory-planning ( "Epimetheus"), user-sensitive ( "Apollo"), intuitive-logical ( "Prometheus"). Each of the types, in turn, is divided into four functional portrait displaying less important (compared with types) psychological differences. Portraits have the letter and conditional verbal designations.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the story goes back to the works of carl jung"s typology, published in 1921. the book psychological types. assume that the basic psychological functions to help man to perceive the world, four. this is the thinking, feeling, intuition and experience. this work was much фундаментальнее than the american katherine briggs, who was interested in the differences in the nature of different people. but, meeting with jung"s typology, she started to study in detail this problem and even published a scientific article. it has four types, based on their own, are recognized on the work of jung. but the later theory has significantly expanded the daughter, isabel briggs myers, giving it the modern.it happened in the years of the second world war. it is then a myers - briggs type indicator (MBTI –типология, also often used the term "соционика»). it was not "голая» theory is исследовательницы relied on the original test, they are drawn up. purpose of the study was the most noble: through testing to determine the individual personal preferences in the work and to find the women, who were replaced by the production of the army men, the classes where they are to show their talents. later, in the 1950s and 1960s, typologies commended the eminent scientists, new experiments were carried out to clarify the methodology. but in the family, MBTI has a number of critics who suggest that the myers briggs type indicator almost duplicated the study to. in the theoretical part of the cabin boy and always shows its validity in practice.Keirsey temperament Sorter is designed to determine the type of temperament is one of the most stable personality characteristics. methodology was developed in 1956, professor at the university of california, david кейрси (david Keirsey) involved over thirty years of teaching and therapeutic practice.кейрси carl gustav jung developed and expanded the concept based on the latest achievements. as a result, he created the idea of the four integral types of temperament, the heterogeneity of the most significant and stable psychological characteristics from the observed values - motivational structures to the code of conduct. the author identifies four types of temperament: сенсорно - impulsive ("дионисий»), сенсорно - planning (" эпиметей»), the intuitive sensuous (apollo), the intuitive logical ("prometey"). each of the types, in turn, is divided into four functional portrait, showing less significant compared with the types of) the psychological differences. the portraits are alphabetical and the verbal labels.