Эдгар Алан По (1809-1849) - америка

Эдгар Алан По (1809-1849) - американский поэт и писатель. Отмечается его подверженность "душевным расстройствам", хотя точный диагноз так и не был установлен. По страдал провалами в памяти, манией преследования, порой он неадекватно себя вел, его преследовали галлюцинации и боязнь темноты.
В статье "Жизнь Эдгара По" Хулио Кортасар описывает один из приступов болезни писателя. Летом 1842 года Эдгар вдруг вспомнил о Мэри Деверо, дядю которой он некогда отстегал хлыстом. Полубезумное состояние стало причиной путешествия из Филадельфии в Нью-Йорк. Хотя женщина была замужем, писатель стремился непременно узнать, любит ли она своего мужа. Несколько раз По пересекал реку на пароме, спрашивая адрес Мэри у прохожих. Добравшись до своей цели, Эдгар устроил скандал, после чего решил остаться там на чаепитие. У домочадцев это вызвало крайнее удивление, к тому же писатель проник в дом без их согласия. Удалился незваный гость лишь после того, как ножом искрошил несколько редисок и потребовал, чтобы Мэри спела его любимую песню. Нашли писателя лишь спустя несколько дней - потеряв рассудок, он бродил по окрестным лесам.
Частые депрессии начались у Эдгара По еще с конца 1830-х годов. На психику сказались и злоупотребления алкоголем, под его воздействием писатель впадал в буйное помешательство. Вскоре к спиртному добавился и опий. Душевное состояние писателя ухудшилось после тяжелой болезни его юной супруги. В 1842 году двадцатилетняя Вирджиния, приходившаяся к тому же По кузиной, заболела туберкулезом, умерев через 5 лет. Эдгар пережил жену всего на два года, но за это время он несколько раз пытался влюбляться и даже пару раз делал предложения. Если первая помолвка не состоялась, так как эксцентричный жених попросту отпугнул избранницу, то во втором случае жених сам пропал. Незадолго до свадьбы По впал в невменяемое состояние, сильно напившись. В результате его нашли в одном из дешевых трактиров Балтимора спустя 5 дней. Эдгара поместили в клинику, в которой он и скончался через несколько дней, страдая от сильных галлюцинаций. Одним из самых сильных кошмаров По была смерть в одиночестве, как он не старался избежать его, он сбылся. Хотя многие его друзья и обещали быть с ним в последнюю минуту, но ночью 7 октября 1849 года рядом с Эдгаром никого из близких не оказалось. Последним, кого позвал к себе По, был Джереми Рейнолдс, знаменитый полярный исследователь.
По сумел заразить публику двумя популярными жанрами. Первый из них - роман ужасов, созданный под влиянием мрачного романтизма Гофмана. Однако именно По сумел создать подлинную атмосферу страха и кошмара, вязкого и изощренного. Это проявилось в романах "Сердце-обличитель" и "Падение дома Эшеров". Вторым жанром, в котором По себя проявил, стал детектив. Месье Огюст Дюпен, герой рассказов Эдгара "Убийство на улице Морг", "Тайна Мари Роже" стал прообразом Шерлока Холмса с его дедуктивными методиками.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was an American poet and writer. Noting that it is exposure to "mental disorders", although the exact diagnosis was never installed. By suffered failures of memory, delusions of persecution, sometimes he behaved inadequately, it chased the hallucinations and fear of the dark. In the article "the life of Edgar Allan Poe" Julio Cortázar describes one of the bouts of sickness pisatelya. In the summer of 1842 year Edgar suddenly remembered about Mary Devereaux, uncle whom he once otstegal the whip. Polubezumnoe condition was the reason for the trip from Philadelphia to New York. Although the woman was married, the writer sought to necessarily know whether she loves her husband. Several times crossed the river by ferry, asking Mary address passers-by. Having reached his goal, Edgar made a scandal, then decided to stay there for the tea party. Households have this caused stupefaction, besides a writer broke into the House without their consent. Retired crasher only after a knife iskrošil a few redisok and demanded that Mary sang his favorite song. Found a writer only after several days-losing her sanity, he wandered through the surrounding forests.Frequent depression began at the Edgar Allan Poe's since the late 1830 's. Impact on the psyche and alcohol abuse, under his influence, the writer lived in violent insanity. Soon added to alcohol and opium. The State of mind of the writer had deteriorated after a serious illness to his young wife. In 1842 year 20-year-old Virginia accruing on cousin, fell ill with tuberculosis, but over 5 years. Edgar survived his wife for just two years, but during that time he tried several times to fall in love and even a couple of times did offer. If the first engagement did not take place because the eccentric groom simply desired woman off, then in the second case the bridegroom himself disappeared. Shortly before the wedding fell into a State of irresponsible, heavily drunk. As a result, it was found in one of the cheap restaurants of Baltimore after 5 days. Edgar was placed to the hospital, where he died a few days later, suffering from severe hallucinations. One of the most powerful nightmares was death in solitude as he did not try to avoid it, it came true. Although many of his friends and promised to be with him at the last minute, but on the night of 7 October 1849 years beside Edgar anyone close to you. The latter, who called on was Jeremy Reynolds, the famous polar Explorer.To infect the audience managed to two popular genres. The first horror novel, created under the influence of dark romanticism, Hoffmann. However, it is On has managed to create a real atmosphere of fear and nightmare, viscous and sophisticated. This was evident in the novels "the tell-tale heart" and "the fall of the House of usher". The second genre, which itself has been, became a detective. Monsieur Auguste Dupin, hero stories of Edgar Allan Poe's "murders in the Rue Morgue", "the mystery of Marie Roget" became the prototype for Sherlock Holmes with his inferential techniques.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) - American poet and writer. It noted its vulnerability to "mental disorders", although the exact diagnosis has not been established. According suffered memory lapses, delusions of persecution, sometimes he behaved inappropriately, and he was haunted by hallucinations, fear of the dark.
In the article "The Life of Edgar Allan Poe" Julio Cortázar describes one of the episodes of the writer of the disease. In the summer of 1842, Edgar suddenly thought of Mary Devereaux, uncle, whom he had once otstegat whip. Half-crazy state caused the trip from Philadelphia to New York. Although the woman was married, the writer wanted to know definitely whether she loves her husband. Several times crossed the river by ferry, asking passers address Mary. When they reached their goal, Edgar scandal, then decided to stay there for a tea party. In households it caused great surprise, besides the writer entered the house without their consent. Remove the intruder only after the knife to crumble a few radishes and demanded that Mary sang his favorite song. We got writer's only a few days later - after losing his mind, he was wandering in the surrounding forests.
Frequent Depression began in Poe's since the late 1830s. On the psyche affected and alcohol, under the influence of its author fell into a violent frenzy. Soon added to alcohol and opium. Spiritual writer deteriorated condition after a serious illness of his young wife. In 1842, twenty-year Virginia, comes to the same According cousin became ill with tuberculosis, died after 5 years. Edgar survived his wife by only two years, but during that time he tried several times to fall in love and even a couple of times to make a bid. If the first engagement did not take place, since the eccentric fiance just scared darling, in the second case, the groom himself is missing. Shortly before the wedding According fell into a state of irresponsible, badly drunk. As a result, it was found in one of the cheapest restaurants in Baltimore 5 days later. Edgar was placed in a hospital, where he died a few days later, suffering from severe hallucinations. One of the strongest nightmares As was death alone, he did not try to avoid it, it came true. Although many of his friends and promised to be with him at the last minute, but at night October 7, 1849 near Edgar none of the relatives was not. The latter, who summoned the Po, was Jeremy Reynolds, the famous polar explorer.
In the audience was able to infect two popular genres. The first of them - a horror story, created under the influence of dark romanticism Hoffmann. However, it has managed to create a true At the atmosphere of fear and horror, viscous and sophisticated. This was evident in the novels "The Tell-Tale Heart" and "The Fall of Usher at home." Another genre that, by itself has shown, became a detective. Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin, the hero of the stories of Edgar, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," "The Mystery of Marie Roget" became the prototype of Sherlock Holmes with his deductive methods.