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The Tretyakov Gallery dates from 1856, when the young, wealthy Moscow merchant, Pavel Tretyakov, started collecting paintings. Soon it became clear that was to be a collection of Russian art.<br>Pavel Tretyakov acquired the very best from contemporary painters in Moscow and St. Peterburg. Such painters as Ivan Kramskoi and Ilya Repin, the critic Vladimir Stasov often took part in the selection of pictures. Thus, Tretyakov's collection turned into a veritable center of Russia's artistic life. Tretyakov, who was the first to appreciate the new trends in Russian painting at the end of the 19th century, began acquiring works of then young and still little-known artists. Later he began to buy and commission portraits of Russian cultural figures, which was highly appreciated by the Russian public.<br>The collector's brother, Sergei Tretyakov, was also a connoiseur of art who collected pictures not only by Russian, but also by French and Dutch painters. The Tretyakov brothers' mansion in Lavrushinsky Lane had to be expanded to accommodate the two collections. The rebuilding has had to be undertaken five times. The facade ot the Gallery was added to the mansion in 1902 to a design by Victor Vasnetsov.<br>The collection of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened to the public in 1874 as a private museum and rapidly became very popular. In 1892 Pavel Tretyakov presented his collection, by that time already famous, to the city of Moscow, but remained the Gallery's lifelong Curator.<br>In 1913 Igor Grabar, who then curated the Gallery insisted that the so-called carpet hanging of pictures in the order of their acquisition was replaced by the historical-chronological principle, devoting separate rooms to the works of major Russian painters. According to Grabar this work "converted a privately owned collection into a museum of European standarts."<br>In 1917 the collection numbering over 4000 items, was nationalised and transformed into a state museum. Gradually it was enlarged throught additions from private collections and other museums. At the same time Western European paintings were transferred to what is today the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.<br>The Gallery's collection in the Soviet period has increased more than tenfold. Today it is a depository of some 47,000 works of art, and the average annual number of visitors is 1,700,000
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