Text 2. THE FIRST COMPUTERSIn 1930

Text 2. THE FIRST COMPUTERS

In 1930 the first analog computer was built by American

named Vannevar Bush. This device was used in World War II to

Many technical developments of electronic digital comput-
ers took place in the 1940s and 1950s. Mark I, the name given

to the first digital computer, was completed in 1944. The man

responsible for this invention was Professor Howard Aiken. This

was the first machine that could figure out long lists of mathe-
matical problems at a very fast rate.

In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsilvania,

J.Eckert and J.Maushly, built their digital computer with vacu-um

tubes. They named their new invention ENIAC (the Elec-tronic

Numerical Integrator and Calculator).

Another important achievement in developing computers

came in 1947, when John von Neumann developed the idea

of keeping instructions for the computer inside the computer's

memory. The contribution of John von Neumann was particu-larly

significant. As contrasted with Babbage's analytical engine, which

was designed to store only data, von Neumann's ma-chine, called

the Electronic Discrete Variable Computer, or EDVAC, was able

to store both data and instructions. He also contributed to the idea

of storing data and instructions in a bi-nary code that uses only

ones and zeros. This simplified com-puter design. Thus computers

use two conditions, high voltage, and low voltage, to translate the

symbols by which we commu-nicate into unique combinations of

electrical pulses. We refer to these combinations as codes.

Neumann's stored program computer as well as other ma-
chines of that time were made possible by the invention of the

vacuum tube that could control and amplify electronic signals.

Early computers, using vacuum tubes, could perform compu-
tations in thousandths of seconds, called milliseconds, instead of

seconds required by mechanical devices.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Text 2. THE FIRST COMPUTERSIn 1930 the first analog computer was built by American named Vannevar Bush. This device was used in World War II to Many technical developments of electronic digital comput-ERS took place in the 1940s and 1950s. Mark I, the name given to the first digital computer, was completed in 1944. The man track preview. responsible for this invention was Professor Howard Aiken. This was the first machine that could figure out long lists of mathe-matical problems at a very fast rate.In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsilvania, J. Eckert and j. Maushly, built their digital computer with vacu-um tubes. They named their new invention of the ENIAC (the Elec-tronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator).Another important achievement in developing computers came in 1947, when John von Neumann developed the idea of keeping instructions for the computer inside the computer memory. The contribution of John von Neumann was particu-larly significant. As contrasted with Babbage's analytical engine, which was designed to store only data, von Neumann's ma-chine, the so-called the Electronic Discrete Variable Computer, EDVAC, or was able to store both data and instructions. He also contributed to the idea of storing data and instructions in a bi-nary code that uses only ones and zeros. This simplified com-puter design. Thus computers use two conditions, high voltage and low voltage, to translate the symbols by which we commu-nicate into unique combinations of electrical pulses. We refer to these combinations as codes.Neumann's stored program computer as well as other ma-chines of that time were made possible by the invention of the vacuum tube that could control and amplify electronic signals. Early computers using vacuum tubes, could perform a compu-tations in thousandths of seconds, the so-called milliseconds, instead of seconds required by mechanical devices.