Туризм в ГерманииТуризм в Германии

Туризм в Германии


Туризм в Германии обеспечивает 8 процентов внутреннего валового продукта страны. Непосредственно в туристической сфере почти 3 миллиона рабочих мест. Наряду с торговлей это - самый крупный сектор в сфере услуг. Здесь действуют в основном предприятия малого и среднего бизнеса, что открывает широкие возможности для начинающих предпринимателей.

Ежегодно Германию посещают около 18 млн. туристов, каждый из которых проводит в гостинице не менее двух ночей. Наиболее активно отдыхают в Германии голландцы, американцы и англичане. Самыми популярные среди зарубежных туристов немецкие города - Берлин, Мюнхен, Гамбург и Баден-Баден. Отрасль туризма занимает второе место после автомобилестроения. В среднем от 2 до 3 процентов чистого оборота туризма (без налога на добавленную стоимость) поступают в виде налога на промысел, поземельного налога, а также части поступлений от налога на зарплаты и прибыль в кассы коммун.

Следует отметить, что Германия становится все более популярным туристским направлением.

Можно выделить следующие основные факторы, которые привлекают туристов в страну:

1. Высокая концентрация исторических и культурных достопримечательностей;

2. Упрощенный визовый режим (возможность широкого спектра комплексных туров);

3. Высокий уровень сервиса.

Концепция развития национальной туристической отрасли базируется на 4-х «китах»: «Культурный туризм», «Агротуризм», «Событийный туризм», «Интернет-технологии».


Путешествия в первых веках нашей эры и в период средневековья


Первенство освоения и изучения северных земель принадлежит норманнам. Начиная с IX в. они осваивали побережье Балтийского моря, заходили в Рижский и Финский заливы, по древнерусским торговым путям пробирались до Черного моря, а затем в Византию. Восточными славянами был освоен знаменитый торговый путь «из варяг в греки», соединявший Черное и Балтийское моря.


Эпоха Ренессанса


Эпоха Ренессанса и Просвещения ослабевает религиозные мотивы и усиливает индивидуальный характер и образовательную направленность поездок. Представители привелигерованных классов совершали в средние века путешествия к целебным источникам. Молодые дворяне нередко оправлялись в своеобразный "гран-тур" по Европе, прежде чем вступить на поприще профессиональной или политической деятельности. В Англии, например, маршрут такого путешествия начинался в Лондоне, вел во Францию с длительным пребыванием в Париже, затем - в Италию: Генуя, Милан, Флоренция, Рим. Обратный путь пролегал через Швейцарию, Германию, Нидерланды.


Развитие туризма в XVIII - XIX вв.


Научно-технический прогресс и социальная борьба трудящихся, а также растущее благосостояние общества обусловили постепенное уменьшение рабочего времени в пользу свободного: введение гарантированных неоплачиваемых, а впоследствии и оплачиваемых отпусков (В Германии, например, впервые отпуска были установлены законом о государственных служащих 1873г.).

Повышение качества и надежности транспортных перевозок в совокупности с их удешевлением, а так же постепенное сокращение рабочего времени обусловили существенное увеличение потоков путешествующих. Соответственно возникли первые предприятия, специализировавшиеся на обслуживании временных посетителей. На смену скромным пансионам и "комнатам для госте" в домах священнослужителей, в монастырях и религиозных миссиях приходят первые гостиницы. В 1801г. в Германии открывается первоклассная гостиница "Бадише Хоф" в Баден-Бадене. В Германии на рубеже 18-19 веков возникают первые курорты минеральных вод - в Хайлигендаммене, Нордернее, Травемюнде.


Исторические вехи туризма XX в.


Начало XX в. связано с возникновением и развитием разных видов транспорта. Создание в 1769 г. немецкими изобретателями Г. Даймлером и К. Бенцем автомобиля с двигателем внутреннего сгорания дало человечеству быстрый и комфортный способ передвижения.

В Германии первое бюро путешествий - "Райзебюро Штанген" - было основано в Бреслау в 1863г. Фирма имела тесные контакты с пароходными компаниями и в начале ХХ века активно рекламировала и продавала морские круизные увеселительные поездки. В Германии конца ХIХ - начала ХХ веков дальние туристические поездки могли себе позволить еще немногие. Тем не менее постепенно путешествия становятся доступны среднему классу. Среди чиновников и служащих в этот период широкое распространение получил летний выезд на дачи (Sommerfrische). Дача находилась, как правило, недалеко от города, основным видом используемого дачниками транспорта была железная дорога, размещение отличалось скромностью и чинностью. Дачный сезон длился в обеспеченных семьях с конца июнь до начала сентября. Для бюджета семей мелких чиновников и рабочих дачи стали доступными лишь в конце 20-х гг. нашего века.

Первая мировая война, экономическая депрессия 30-х гг., зарождение и распространение фашизма оказали отрицательное влияние на развитие туризма. К концу 30-х гг. фашистские режимы утвердились в Италии, Германии, Португалии, Испании и р

Результаты (английский) 1:

Tourism in GermanyTourism in Germany provides 8 percent of the country's gross domestic product. Directly in the tourist area of almost 3 million jobs. Along with this trade is the largest sector in the services sector. There are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises that provide ample opportunity for aspiring entrepreneurs.Germany annually visited by about 18 million. tourists, each of whom holds at least two hotel nights. Most active rest in Germany, the Dutch, the Americans and the British. The most popular among foreign tourists are German cities-Berlin, Munich, Hamburg and Baden-Baden. The tourism industry ranks second after the automotive industry. An average of 2 to 3 per cent of the net turnover of the tourism (without VAT) come in the form of income tax, property tax, as well as part of the revenue from salaries tax and profit in cash desks of communes.It should be noted that Germany is becoming an increasingly popular tourist destination.The following are the major factors that attract tourists to the country:1. The high concentration of historical and cultural attractions;2. Simplified visa regime (wide range of package tours);3. A high level of service.The concept of development of the national tourist industry is based on 4 's "pillars": "cultural tourism", "farm holidays", "event tourism", "Internet technology."Travel in the first centuries of our era and the middle agesThe primacy of mastering and exploring Northern land belongs to normannam. Since the 9th century they settled the coast of the Baltic Sea, visited Riga and Finnish gulfs, old Russian trade routes made their way to the Black Sea and then to Byzantium. The Eastern Slavs was mastered the famous trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks ", connecting the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea.RenaissanceRenaissance and enlightenment waning religious motifs and reinforces individual and educational orientation trips. Representatives of priveligerovannyh classes engaged in middle ages travel to curative sources. Young nobles often opravljalis' in a "Grand Tour" of Europe, before embarking on a professional career or political activity. In England, for example, the route of this journey began in London, led France with a long stay in Paris, then in Italy: Genova, Milan, Florence, Rome. Return path passed through Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands.The development of tourism in the 18th and 19th centuries.Scientific and technological progress and social struggle of the workers, as well as the growing welfare of society led to the gradual reduction of working time in favor of free: the introduction of guaranteed unpaid and paid leave (in Germany, for example, first leave were established civil servants Act, 1873).Improving the quality and reliability of transportation, coupled with their laptops, as well as the gradual reduction of working time have led to a significant increase in the flow of travellers. Accordingly, having first enterprise, specialized on maintenance of temporary visitors. To replace the modest guest and "guest rooms" in the homes of clergy, monasteries and religious missions come first hotels. In 1801g. in Germany offer a first-rate hotel "Badischer Hof" in Baden-Baden. In Germany at the turn of the 18-19 centuries arose the first resorts mineral waters-Hajligendammene, Nordernee, Travemünde.Historical milestones of the 20th century tourism.Beginning of XX century and linked to the development of different modes of transport. The establishment in 1769 g. German inventors g. Daimler and k. Benz car with an internal combustion engine gave to mankind a quick and comfortable way to travel.In Germany the first travel agency-"Reisebuero Shtangen"-was founded in Breslau in 1863g. The company had close contacts with companies and parohodnymi at the beginning of the 20th century actively advertised and sold marine cruise entertainment trip. In Germany the late nineteenth-early twentieth centuries long-haul trips could afford another few. Nevertheless, gradually become available to middle-class travel. Among the officials and servants during this period of widespread summer departure to villas (Sommerfrische). Dacha was usually not far from the town, the main type used by vacationers transport railway, placing different modesty and chinnost'ju. The holiday season lasts from the end of well-to-do families June until early September. Family budget of petty officials and workers cottages are available only in the late 20-ies. our century.The first world war, economic depression 30-IES, the emergence and spread of fascism had a negative impact on the development of tourism. By the end of the 30-ies. Fascist regimes were established in Italy, Germany, Portugal, Spain and

Результаты (английский) 2:

Tourism in Germany


Tourism in Germany provides 8 percent of the gross domestic product of the country. Directly in the tourist area of nearly 3 million jobs. Along with this trade - the largest sector in the services sector. There are mostly small and medium-sized businesses, which opens up opportunities for new entrepreneurs.

Every year, Germany is visited by about 18 million. Tourists, each of which carries at least two nights in the hotel. The most active rest in Germany, the Dutch, the Americans and British. The most popular among foreign tourists German cities - Berlin, Munich, Hamburg and Baden-Baden. Tourism industry is second only to the automotive industry. An average of 2 to 3 per cent of net tourism turnover (without VAT) come in the form of tax on fishing, land tax, as well as of the proceeds from the tax on wages and profits in cash communes.

It should be noted that Germany is becoming an increasingly popular tourist destination.

We can distinguish the following main factors which attract tourists to the country:

1. The high concentration of historical and cultural attractions;

2. Simplified visa regime (the possibility of a wide range of package tours);

3. High level of service.

The concept of development of the national tourism industry is based on a 4 "pillars": "Cultural tourism", "Farmhouse", "Event tourism", "Internet-based technologies."


Travelling in the first centuries of our era and the Middle Ages


Championship exploration and study of the northern lands owned by the Normans. Since the IX. they mastered the Baltic Sea coast, came to Riga and the Gulf of Finland, around ancient trade routes made their way to the Black Sea and then to Byzantium. Eastern Slavs mastered the famous trade route "from the Vikings to the Greeks", connect the Black and Baltic seas.


Renaissance


of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment weakens religious motives and enhances the individual character and educational orientation trips. The representatives of the privileged classes in the Middle Ages made the journey to healing springs. The young nobles often recovering in a kind of "grand tour" in Europe, before entering the arena of professional or political activities. In England, for example, the route of the journey begins in London, he led France with a long stay in Paris, and then - in Italy: Genoa, Milan, Florence, Rome. The way back was through Switzerland, Germany, The Netherlands.


The development of tourism in the XVIII - XIX centuries.


Scientific and technological progress and social struggles of the working people, and the growing welfare of society led to the gradual reduction of working hours for the benefit of the free: the introduction of guaranteed unpaid, and, subsequently, paid leave (in Germany, for example, the first holiday were established by the law on civil servants 1873.).

Increasing transport quality and reliability together with their cheaper, as well as the gradual reduction of working time led to a significant increase in flows of travelers. Thus arose the first companies specializing in serving temporary visitors. In place of modest guesthouses and "Guest Room" in the homes of priests in monasteries and religious missions come first hotels. In 1801. Germany opens first-class hotel "Badische Hof" in Baden-Baden. In Germany, at the turn of 18-19 centuries appear the first resorts of mineral water - in Hayligendammene, Norderney, Travemünde.


Historical tourism landmarks of XX century.


The beginning of XX century. due to the emergence and development of different modes of transport. Creation in 1769 by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz car with an internal combustion engine has given mankind a quick and comfortable way to travel.

In Germany, the first travel agency - "Reisebuero barbell" - was founded in 1863 in Breslau. The company has had close contact with the shipping company and the early twentieth century to actively promote and sell sea cruise pleasure trips. In Germany, late XIX - early XX centuries long tourist trips could afford even a few. Nevertheless, gradually travel are available the middle class. Among the officials and employees in the period was widespread summer exit to garden (Sommerfrische). Villa was usually close to the city, the main type of transport used vacationers was the railroad, placement differed modesty and decorum. Summer season lasted wealthy families from the end of June to early September. For budget family of petty officials and workers cottages have become available only in the late 20-ies. our century.

The First World War, the economic depression of the 30-ies., Emergence and spread of fascism had a negative impact on the development of tourism. By the end of 30-ies. fascist regimes established themselves in Italy, Germany, Portugal, Spain and p

Результаты (английский) 3:

tourism in germanytourism in germany provides 8 per cent of the gross domestic product of the country. directly in the tourist area of nearly 3 million jobs. along with the trade is the largest sector in the service area. here are mostly of small and medium business that offers great opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs.germany has about 18 million annually. tourists, each of which has at least two nights. the most active was in germany, the dutch, the british and americans. the most popular among foreign tourists, the german city of berlin, munich, hamburg and baden baden. tourism industry is second only to the automotive sector. an average of 2 to 3 per cent of the net turnover of tourism (without vat) are in the form of a tax on fishing, поземельного tax, as well as part of the revenue from the tax on wages and profits in the commune.it should be noted that germany is becoming a popular tourist destination.the following are key factors that attract tourists to the country.1. the high concentration of historical and cultural attractions.2. simplified visa regime (the possibility of a wide range of integrated tours);3. a high level of service.the concept of the development of the national tourism industry is based on four "китах»:" cultural tourism "," агротуризм», "событийный tourism," internet technology ".travel in the first centuries of our era, and during the middle agesleadership development and exploring the northern land belonged to the saxon. since the 9th. they developed the baltic sea coast, went into the finnish древнерусским bays, on the way to the black sea trade routes, and then in the byzantine empire. the eastern slavs was the famous trade route from the vikings to греки» connecting the black and baltic seas.the age of the renaissancethe renaissance and the enlightenment, weakened the religious motives and enhances the individual and educational direction of travel. the привелигерованных classes used in the middle ages, travel to the medicinal sources. young nobles often оправлялись in a "grand tour" of europe, before embarking on a career of professional or political activities. in england, for example, the route of this journey started in london, was in france with long stays in paris, then in italy, genoa, milan, florence, rome. the path led through switzerland, germany, the netherlands.the development of tourism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.scientific and technological progress and social struggle of workers and the growing social welfare resulted in gradual reduction of working hours for free: an introduction