1.О существовании Марса знали еще д

1.О существовании Марса знали еще древние греки, но история изучения этой планеты начинается со Средневековья и великого астронома Галилео Галилея — он наблюдал Марс в собственноручно сконструированную подзорную трубу еще в 1609 году: впрочем, тогда для астрономов это был просто красный диск. Полвека потребовалось, чтобы разглядеть на поверхности Марса первое темное пятно — горное плато, еще десять лет — чтобы посчитать, что период обращения Марса составляет 24 часа и 40 минут. К 1858 году была обнародована первая нечеткая карта Марса, а в 1877-м появился один из главных его исследователей — итальянец Джованни Скиапарелли, человек, благодаря которому распространилась идея о жизни на Марсе.
2.Дело в том, что он увидел на поверхности планеты густую сетку каналов и счел, что раз природа похожа на земную, то каналы имеют искусственное происхождение (тогда в Европе как раз был пик строительства городских каналов). Вывод казался очевидным: это дело рук внеземной цивилизации. Даже американская газета The New York Times поставила на обложку заголовок «Неужели Марс населен?» С этого момента и можно отсчитывать историю поиска жизни на красной планете — новость о том, что человек во Вселенной не одинок распространилась с поистине космической скоростью. И еще не найденная жизнь на Марсе стала частью поп-культуры: фантасты бросились писать книгу, а рекламщики — использовать космические аналогии на плакатах.
3.Не повлиял на общую истерию даже американский исследователь Персиваль Лоуэлл, в 1894 году пустивший на постройку обсерватории едва ли не все свое состояние, когда заглянул в телескоп и... не обнаружил никаких каналов, о которых говорил Скиапарелли. Вера во внеземную цивилизацию была так сильна, что он нашел свои источники воды на планете и нанес их на карту.
4.В течение следующих десяти лет Лоуэлл сделал еще около 11 тысяч рисунков марсианской поверхности и написал три научно-популярных книги, рассказывающих о возможной жизни на Марсе. Спор ученых по этому поводу продолжался вплоть до середины XX века, скептиков никто не слушал, лучшие писатели продолжали выпускать свои великие книги ( в 1951-м, например, вышли «Марсианские хроники» Брэдбери).
5.А уже в 60-е фантазиям пришлось уступить место реальности: появились первые попытки вывести на околоземную орбиту марсианский зонд — США И СССР за 11 лет сделали около 16 попыток, и только семнадцатая увенчалась успехом: в мае 1971 года космический аппарат СССР «Марс-3» совершил первую в истории посадку на красной планете, и это стало настоящим прорывом. Вслед за ним до Марса добрался американский «Mariner-9» — так началась новая эра в изучении планеты: особенности рельефа и грунта, описание потухших вулканов, долин и каньонов, а в 1976-м появились и первые фотографии.
6.Следующее грандиозное открытие было сделано уже в 2000-х с помощью российских приборов, несмотря на то, что успешных межпланетных миссий у России не было с советских времен. Астроном Владимир Краснопольский обнаружил в атмосфере Марса следы метана. Это открытие стало сенсацией, потому что на Земле основным источником метана являются живые существа — и это значит, что на Марсе может быть жизнь. Ученому не сразу поверили, но данные потом были подтверждены измерениями с европейского зонда «Марс-Экспресс», а вот марсоход Curiosity в 2012-м не подтвердил присутствие метана в марсианской атмосфере. Так у астрофизиков появилось две загадки: куда исчез метан и как он вообще появился. А в 2015-м на Марсе обнаружили ещё одно доказательство существования жизни, подобной земной — жидкую соленую воду.
Чем больше исследуется Марс, тем больше ученые узнают о том, как на нем могла поддерживаться жизнь в прошлом и где искать ресурсы, чтобы поддерживать ее в будущем. Если с помощью миссии «Экзомарс», которая началась 14 марта, на Марсе, наконец, найдут микроорганизмы, это превратит идею о жизни как вселенском явлении из гипотезы в правдоподобное утверждение.
7.О колонизации космоса мечтали еще несколько веков назад, но и сегодня ее всерьез рассматривают как важный шаг для будущего человечества. Полететь, разумеется, проще всего на Марс: достичь планеты можно менее чем за год, марсианские сутки почти равны земным, на планете есть атмосфера, которая защищает от солнечной и космической радиации. Словом, некоторые ученые (в том числе знаменитый Илон Маск) уверены, что раз Марс когда-то был пригоден для зарождения жизни, то может стать таковым и сейчас, если выполнить ряд работ по терраформированию — другие же утверждают, что неплохо бы для начала освоить места на Земле — Антарктиду, например, или какую-то из пустынь, это обойдется намного дешевле.
8.Тем не менее с 2010 года существует частный проект Mars One, которым руководит американский предприниматель Бас Лансдорп — проект предполагает, что в 2029 году люди полетят на Марс и организуют там колонию, а все происходящее в ней будут транслировать по телевидению — в общем, настоящее космическое реалити-шоу.

Результаты (английский) 1:

1. the existence of Mars knew even the ancient Greeks, but the history of this planet begins with the middle ages and the great astronomer Galileo Galilei — he observed Mars in personally designed Spyglass back in 1609: However, then for astronomers, it was just a red disk. It took half a century to see on the surface of Mars, the first dark spot is a mountain plateau, another ten years — to think that circulation period of Mars is 12:00 am and 40 minutes. The year 1858 was unveiled the first vague map of Mars, and in 1877-m appeared one of its main researchers — the Italian Giovanni Schiaparelli, man, which spread the idea of life on Mars.2. The fact of the matter is that he saw on the surface of the planet a dense grid of channels and found that once nature is similar to Earth's, the channels are of artificial origin (then in Europe was just the peak of the construction of urban channels). The conclusion seemed evident: it is the work of extraterrestrial civilization. Even the American newspaper The New York Times put on the cover headline "Mars is inhabited?" from this moment you can count out the history of life on the red planet — news that the man is not alone in the universe spread with a truly space velocity. And haven't found life on Mars has become part of pop culture: science fiction writing a book and rushed to advertisers — to use the space analogy on posters.3. do not affect the General hysteria even Percival Lowell, American researcher in 1894 year event for the construction of the Observatory is hardly all his fortune when looked through a telescope and ... found no channels referred to by Schiaparelli. Faith in participation civilization was so strong that he found their sources of water on the planet and struck them on the map.4. Within the next 10 years, Lowell made about 11 thousand pictures of the Martian surface and wrote three popular science books telling about possible life on Mars. Scientists dispute on this occasion lasted until the mid-20th century, nobody listened to the naysayers, best writers continued to produce their great books (in 1951, for example, came "the Martian Chronicles" Bradbury).5. As early as 60-e fantasies had to give way to reality: there were first attempts to pull in orbit around the Martian probe — the United States and the Soviet Union for 11 years made about 16 attempts, and only the seventeenth was successful: in May 1971 years SOVIET spacecraft Mars-3 for the first time in the history of the landing on the red planet, and it was a real breakthrough. Following him to Mars got American Mariner 9 "— thus began a new era in the study of the planet: topography and soil description of extinct volcanoes, valleys and canyons, and in 1976-m first pictures appeared.6. The following grand opening was done already in the 2000 's with the help of Russian instruments, despite the fact that successful interplanetary missions, Russia has not been since Soviet times. Astronomer Vladimir Krasnopolskij discovered traces of methane in the Martian atmosphere. This discovery became a sensation because the main source of methane on earth are sentient beings — and this means that Mars life can be. The scientist did not immediately believe, but then were confirmed by measurements from the European probe Mars Express, but the Curiosity Rover in 2012-m has not confirmed the presence of methane in the Martian atmosphere. Astrophysicists have appeared two puzzles: where did methane and how he appeared. And in 2015-m on Mars found another proof of the existence of life like Earth's — liquid salt water.The more we investigate Mars, the more scientists learn about how it can be supported life in the past and where to find the resources to support it in the future. If using the tornado mission, which began on March 14, on Mars, finally find microorganisms, it turns the idea of life as a universal phenomenon of hypothesis plausible assertion.7. the colonization of space dreamed of even a few centuries ago, but today it seriously considered as an important step for the future of mankind. Fly, of course, the easiest way to Mars: reach the planet in less than a year, the Martian day is almost equal to the Earth, the planet has an atmosphere, which protects from the Sun and cosmic radiation. In short, some scientists (including the famous Ilon ICIA) sure that Mars was once suitable for life, you can become one, and now, if you run a number of works on terraformirovaniû-others argue that it is a good idea would be to start to master place on Earth — Antarctica, for example, or some sort of desert, it cost much less.8. Nevertheless, the year 2010 there is private project Mars One presided over by American entrepreneur Bass Lansdorp-draft assumes that in the year 2029 people will fly to Mars and organize a colony there, and everything in it will be broadcast on television — in General, the present outer reality show.

Результаты (английский) 2:

1. About the existence of Mars known by the ancient Greeks, but the history of the study of the planet begins with the Middle Ages and the great astronomer Galileo Galilei - he observed Mars in his own telescope constructed back in 1609: however, if for astronomers it was just a red disc. Fifty years it took to see on the surface of Mars, the first dark spot - a mountain plateau, ten years - to calculate that Mars orbital period is 24 hours and 40 minutes. By 1858 year, a first fuzzy map of Mars, and in 1877 th there was one of his main researchers - Italian Giovanni Schiaparelli, a man, through which spread the idea of life on Mars.
2.Delo that he saw on the surface thick channel grid and found that just like the nature of the earth, the channels have an artificial origin (in Europe at a time was the construction of urban channel peak). The conclusion seemed obvious: it is the handiwork of extraterrestrial civilization. Even the American newspaper The New York Times put it on the cover headline "Is Mars inhabited?" From this moment you can count down the search history of life on the red planet - the news that the man in the universe is not alone spread a truly cosmic speed. And yet not found life on Mars has become part of pop culture: science fiction writers have rushed to write the book, and advertisers - to use the analogy of space on the posters.
3. Do not affect the overall hysteria even American researcher Percival Lowell, in 1894 to start up on the construction of the observatory almost all his fortune, when looked through the telescope and ... found no channel mentioned by Schiaparelli. Belief in extraterrestrial civilization was so strong that he found their sources of water on the planet and has put them on the map.
4. In the next ten years, Lowell has made ​​about 11 thousand pictures of the Martian surface, and has written three popular science books, telling about possible life on Mars. Scientists dispute on this issue continued until the mid XX century, no one listened to the skeptics, the best writers continued to produce his great book (in 1951, for example, came "The Martian Chronicles" Bradbury).
5.A already in the 60's had fantasies give way to reality: there were the first attempts to bring into orbit Mars probe - the United States and the Soviet Union for 11 years, made ​​about 16 attempts, and only seventeenth succeed: in May 1971 the spacecraft USSR "Mars-3" made ​​the first ever landing on red the planet, and it was a real breakthrough. After it got to Mars US «Mariner-9" - so began a new era in the study of the planet: the topography and soil, the description of extinct volcanoes, valleys and canyons, and in 1976 appeared the first photos.
6.Follow grand opening was It made ​​in the 2000s by a Russian instrument, despite the fact that the successful interplanetary mission in Russia was not the Soviet era. Astronomer Vladimir Krasnopolskiy found in the atmosphere of Mars traces of methane. This discovery caused a sensation, because in the world the main source of methane are living beings - and this means that Mars can be a life. The scientist did not immediately believe, but the data were later confirmed by measurements from the European probe "Mars Express", but the Curiosity rover in 2012, has not confirmed the presence of methane in the Martian atmosphere. So there were two mysteries of astrophysics: where methane had disappeared and he even appeared. And in 2015 on Mars discovered yet another proof of the existence of life, like the Earth -. Liquid salt water
The more we study Mars, the more scientists learn about how it could be supported life in the past and where to find the resources to maintain it future. When using the Mission "exomars", which began on March 14 on Mars finally find microorganisms, it will transform the idea of life as a universal phenomenon of a plausible hypothesis in the statement.
7.O space colonization dreamed a few centuries ago, but today it seriously considered as an important step for the future of humanity. Fly, of course, the easiest way to Mars: the planet can reach in less than a year, the Martian day is almost equal to the earth, the planet has an atmosphere, which protects from the sun and cosmic radiation. In short, some scientists (including the famous Elon Musk) believe that the time Mars was once suitable for life, you can become one now, if you run a number of works on the terraformed - others argue that would be nice to start to learn place on Earth - Antarctica, for example, or some kind of desert, it will be much cheaper.
8.Tem at least since 2010 there is a special project of Mars One, which is headed by an American entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp - project assumes that in 2029 people will fly Mars and organize a colony, and everything that happens in it will be broadcast on television - in short, the present cosmic reality show.

Результаты (английский) 3:

1.о existence of mars knew even the ancient greeks, but the history of study of the planet begins since the middle ages, and the great astronomer galileo galilei - he observed mars in hand designed telescope in 1609, however, then, it was just red disk. it took half a century to see a dark spot on the surface of mars, the first is a mountain plateau, another ten years to find that the period of mars is 24 hours and 40 minutes. in 1858 was published the first map of mars is vague, and in 1877, was one of its main research italian giovanni schiaparelli, which spread the idea of life on mars.2.дело in what he saw on the surface of the planet, a grid of channels and found that the time of nature like this, canals are artificial origin (then in europe was the peak of urban channels). conclusion seemed obvious: it is the work of an extraterrestrial civilization. even the american newspaper the new york times, put on the cover of the "mars is? "from now on, and you can use the search history of life on the red planet - the news that the man in the universe is not lonely spread with velocity. and haven"t found life on mars has become part of pop culture: entertain were writing the book, and the use of space, similar to the signs.3.не influenced general hysteria even american researcher percival lowell, in 1894 пустивший building. nearly all of his money when i looked through the telescope and... not found any channels referred to schiaparelli. faith in внеземную civilization was so strong that he found the water sources on the planet and put them on the map.4. b over the next 10 years, lowell made some 11 thousand drawings of mars surface and wrote three popular science books, focusing on possible life on mars. the dispute of scholars that lasted until the middle of the twentieth century, no one listened to the skeptics, the best writers continued to produce great books (in 1951, for example, are "the martian хроники» bradbury).5. already in the 1960s fantasy had to give way to reality: the first attempts to get into earth orbit mars probe, the united states and the soviet union for 11 years have about 16 attempts, and only the seventeenth success: in may 1971, the spacecraft of the soviet union "mars" made the first ever landing on the red planet, and that was a real breakthrough. after him to mars got american "Mariner - 9 - a new era has begun to explore the planet: the characteristics of topography and soil, the description of the extinct volcanoes, valleys and canyons, and in 1976, appeared and the first pictures.6.следующее epic