THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiration

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiration occurs in all living things, both plants and animals. Proper functioning of this system is perhaps the single most important factor in the sustaining of life. Interruption of breathing for only a few minutes by suffocation or strangulation causes death. In the human organism, respiration consists of those processes by which the body cells and tissues make use of oxygen and by which carbon dioxide or the waste products of respiration are removed. Inhaled air contains about 20 per cent oxygen and four hundredths of one per cent carbon dioxide. Exhaled air consists of approximately 16 per cent oxygen and 4 per cent carbon dioxide. Nitrogen, which makes up about 79 per cent of the atmosphere, is not involved in the breathing process! When air is inhaled into the lungs, a portion of the oxygen is passing into the blood and is being circulated through the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide is being diffused out of the blood into the lungs and exhaled. Air is breathed through either the mouth or nose into the oral cavity, or pharynx. It then passes through the voice box, or larynx, into the windpipe, or trachea. The trachea ultimately divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi, one is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into tiny passage-ways that are named bronchioles, which lead directly to minute air sacs, or alveoli. The exchange of life-giving gases is effected through the walls of the alveoli. Mechanisms in the upper respiratory tract serve to filter, and warm the air in its journey to the lungs. The hairs, or cilia, in the nostrils partially filter out dust particles as does sticky secretion called mucus, which has been produced by mucous cells lining the mouth, nasal passages, pharynx and trachea. Cilia in the nasal passages and trachea are effective in helping to remove foreign particles from the upper respiratory tract. Other structures connected with the system include: the laryngeal tonsils, which are masses of tissue in the nasopharynx or posterior portions of the nasal passages (adenoids are infected or diseased laryngeal tonsils); the sinuses, cavities in the bones in the front part of the skull that provide resonance to the voice, and the pleura, which is a double-walled membrane surrounding the lungs. The diaphragm contracts and flattens, contributing to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity and raising the ribs. Air is constantly renewing in the lungs. The capacity of the air passages is increasing. Any muscular effort, e.g. even standing up, increases the number of respirations.

Результаты (английский) 1:

РЕСПИРАТОРНАЯ СИСТЕМА

Дыхание происходит во всех живых существах, как в растениях, так и в животных. Правильное функционирование этой системы является, пожалуй, самым важным фактором в поддержании жизни. Прекращение дыхания на несколько минут из-за удушья или удушения приводит к смерти. В организме человека дыхание состоит из тех процессов, посредством которых клетки и ткани организма используют кислород и посредством которых удаляется углекислый газ или продукты дыхания.
Вдыхаемый воздух содержит около 20 процентов кислорода и четыре сотых процента диоксида углерода. Выдыхаемый воздух состоит приблизительно из 16 процентов кислорода и 4 процентов углекислого газа. Азот, который составляет около 79 процентов атмосферы, не участвует в процессе дыхания! Когда воздух вдыхается в легкие, часть кислорода попадает в кровь и циркулирует по организму. В то же время углекислый газ распространяется из крови в легкие и выдыхается.
Воздух вдыхается через рот или нос в полость рта или глотку. Затем он проходит через голосовой ящик или гортань в дыхательное горло или трахею. В конечном итоге трахея разделяется на две меньшие трубки, называемые бронхами, по одной на каждое легкое. Бронхи делятся на крошечные проходы, называемые бронхиолами, которые ведут непосредственно к мелким воздушным мешочкам или альвеолам. Обмен живительными газами осуществляется через стенки альвеол.
Механизмы в верхних дыхательных путях служат для фильтрации и согревания воздуха в пути к легким. Волосы или реснички в ноздрях частично отфильтровывают частицы пыли, также как и липкая секреция, называемая слизью, которая вырабатывается слизистыми клетками, выстилающими рот, носовые ходы, глотку и трахею. Реснички в носовых проходах и трахее эффективны для удаления инородных частиц из верхних дыхательных путей.
Другие структуры, связанные с системой, включают: миндалины гортани, которые представляют собой скопления ткани в носоглотке или задних частях носовых ходов (аденоиды инфицированы или поражены миндалинами гортани); пазухи, полости в костях в передней части черепа, которые обеспечивают резонанс к голосу, и плевра, которая представляет собой мембрану с двойными стенками, окружающую легкие.
Диафрагма сжимается и сплющивается, способствуя расширению вертикального диаметра грудной полости и поднятию ребер. Воздух постоянно обновляется в легких. Пропускная способность воздушных каналов увеличивается. Любое мышечное усилие, например, даже стоя, увеличивает количество дыхания.

Результаты (английский) 2:

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiration occurs in all living things, both plants and animals. Proper functioning of this system is perhaps the single most important factor in the sustaining of life. Interruption of breathing for only a few minutes by suffocation or strangulation causes death. In the human organism, respiration consists of those processes by which the body cells and tissues make use of oxygen and by which carbon dioxide or the waste products of respiration are removed.
Inhaled air contains about 20 per cent oxygen and four hundredths of one per cent carbon dioxide. Exhaled air consists of approximately 16 per cent oxygen and 4 per cent carbon dioxide. Nitrogen, which makes up about 79 per cent of the atmosphere, is not involved in the breathing process! When air is inhaled into the lungs, a portion of the oxygen is passing into the blood and is being circulated through the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide is being diffused out of the blood into the lungs and exhaled.
Air is breathed through either the mouth or nose into the oral cavity, or pharynx. It then passes through the voice box, or larynx, into the windpipe, or trachea. The trachea ultimately divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi, one is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into tiny passage-ways that are named bronchioles, which lead directly to minute air sacs, or alveoli. The exchange of life-gases giving is effected through the walls of the alveoli.
Mechanisms in the upper respiratory tract serve to filter, and warm the air in its journey to the lungs. The hairs, or cilia, in the nostrils partially filter out dust particles as does sticky secretion called mucus, which has been produced by mucous cells lining the mouth, nasal passages, pharynx and trachea. Cilia in the nasal passages and trachea are effective in helping to remove foreign particles from the upper respiratory tract.
Other structures connected with the system include: the laryngeal tonsils, which are masses of tissue in the nasopharynx or posterior portions of the nasal passages (adenoids are infected or diseased laryngeal tonsils); the sinuses, cavities in the bones in the front part of the skull that provide resonance to the voice, and the pleura, which is a double-walled membrane surrounding the lungs.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens, contributing to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity and raising the ribs. Air is constantly renewing in the lungs. The capacity of the air passages is increasing. Any muscular effort, e.g. even standing up, increases the number of respirations.

Результаты (английский) 3:

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiration occurs in all living things，both plants and animals. Proper functioning of this system is perhaps the single most important factor in the sustaining of life. 4.Interruption of breathing for only a few minutes by suffocation or strangulation causes death. In the human organism，respiration consists of those processes by which the body cells and tissues make use of oxygen and by which carbon dioxide or the waste products of respiration are removed.
Inhaled air contains about 20 per cent oxygen and four hundredths of one per cent carbon dioxide. Exhaled air consists of approximately 16 per cent oxygen and 4 per cent carbon dioxide. Nitrogen，which makes about 79 per cent of the atmosphere，is not involved in the breathing process！ When the air is inhaled into the lungs, a port of the oxygen is circumscribed through the blood and through the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide is being diffused out of the blood into the lungs and exhausted
Air is the heat that enters the atmosphere through air or air, or paint. Then through voicemail, or larynx, go to windpipe, or tracea. The trachea ultimately divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi，one is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into tiny passage-ways that are named bronchioles，which lead directly to minute air sacs，or alveoli. The exchange of life-giving gases is effected through the walls of the alveoli.
Mechanisms in the upper restoratory tract serve to filter，and warm the air in its journey to the lungs. The hairs，or cilia，in the nostrils partially filter out dust particles as does sticky secretion called musus，which has been produced by mucous cells lining the mouth，nasal passages，pharynx and trachea. Australia has effectively helped to eliminate the latest and updated import restrictions in national documents and trade facilitation.
Other structures connected with the system include:the larynegal tonsils，which are masses of tissue in the nasopharynx or posterior portions of the nasal passages（ double-walled membrane surrounding the lungs.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens，contributing to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity and raising the ribs. Air is constantily renewing in the lungs. The capacity of the air passages is increasing. Any muscular effort，e.g.even standing up，increases the number of respirations.