Устав Владимира Всеволодовича (Всев

Устав Владимира Всеволодовича (Всеволодича) — это свод законов Владимира Мономаха, вошедший в «пространную»[1] редакцию «Русской Правды». Состоял из 69 статей. Был создан в ответ на Киевское восстание 1113 года, возникшее по причине социального неравенства, а также обострения многих вопросов в отношениях между разными слоями населения древней Руси.

В соответствии с Уставом, изменились долговые расчёты. Если человек, взявший долг, оплачивал в виде процентов его сумму, то он был обязан возвратить и сам долг, но если проценты в полтора раза были больше суммы долга, то он автоматически погашался. Отныне запрещено было брать более 20 % годовых за предоставленный долг. Эти положения «Устава» освободили от денежной зависимости многих должников, ограничили произвол ростовщиков. «Устав» содержал новые положения об облегчении участи смердов, закупов, рядовичей, холопов. Так, четко определялись источники холопства: самопродажа в холопство, превращение в холопа человека, женившегося без соответствующего договора на холопке, а также поступление на службу к господину в качестве тиуна без особо оговоренной в этом случае свободы. Холопом становился и сбежавший от господина закуп. В случае если он уходил в поисках денег, чтобы отдать долг, его нельзя было превращать в холопа. Во всех остальных случаях попытки закабаления свободных людей пресекались, что было для того времени прогрессивным правилом. Запрещено было обращать в холопа человека, получившего в долг хлеб или иную другую «дачу».[2] Запрещено было без вины бить закупа. Также закуп теперь не отвечал за пропажу имущества помещика, если в том не было его вины. Но с другой стороны, именно помещик определял степень виновности человека.

Все эти положения на определенное время сняли социальное напряжение в обществе. Очевидно, что «Устав» Владимира Мономаха был самой прямой реакцией на восстание 1113 г. Принятием свода законов, он смог ликвидировать наиболее откровенные проблемы складывающегося строя, сделав уступки городским низам, ограничив ростовщичество и власть землевладельцев.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Charter of Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Vsevolodiča) is a set of laws of Vladimir Monomakh, which entered the "lengthy" [1] "Russian truth". Consisted of 69 articles. Was created in response to the Kiev uprising the year 1113, which arose because of social inequality, as well as the exacerbation of many issues between different segments of the population of ancient Russia. In accordance with the Charter, have changed the debt calculations. If a person, who paid for the debt, as a percentage of its amount, he was obliged to return the debt itself, but if interest were one and a half times more debt, then it automatically pogašalsâ. Henceforth, it was prohibited to take over 20% per annum for the debt. These provisions of the Charter "released from the monetary dependence of many debtors, limited the arbitrariness of the moneylenders. «Charter» contain new provisions for mitigating the plight of smerds, shopping, râdovičej, bondsmen. So, clearly identified sources of holopstva: samoprodaža in kholop, turning into a theatre person, who without a corresponding contract for a server, as well as recruitment to the Lord as a Venezuelan without specifically stipulated in this case freedom. Holopom and became estranged from Lord purchase. If he went looking for money to pay back their debt, it cannot be transformed into a theatre. In all other cases, the attempts to bring free people suppressed what was at that time progressive rule. It is prohibited to turn into a theatre person, received in debt or that other bread «dacha». [2] prohibited without guilt beat purchase. Also purchase now is not responsible for the loss of the property of the landowner, if that was not his fault. But on the other hand, the landowner has determined the guilt of the person. All these provisions for some time taken off social tension in society. Obviously, the "Charter" Vladimir Monomakh was the most direct response to the uprising, 1113. The adoption of the laws, he was able to eliminate most of the emerging system, problems of tone by making concessions to urban Nizam, limiting the usury and the power of the landowners.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Statute of Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Vsevolodich) - a set of laws Vladimir Monomakh, which entered the "lengthy" [1] edition of "Russian Truth". It consisted of 69 articles. It was created in response to the Kiev uprising in 1113, which arose because of social inequality, as well as exacerbation of many issues in the relationship between the different layers of the population of ancient Russia. According to the Charter, changed debt calculations. If the person who took the duty paid in the form of percent of its worth, he was obliged to return, and the debt itself, but if the interest were a half times more than the amount of debt, it will automatically be canceled. Henceforth it was forbidden to take more than 20% per annum for the given debt. These provisions "Charter" was released from the monetary dependence of many debtors have limited the arbitrariness of usurers. "Articles" contains new provisions on mitigating the plight of serfs, purchasing, ryadovichey, slaves. So, clearly identifies the sources of slavery: samoprodazha in bondage, transformation into a slave man who married without a contract on the servant, as well as admission to the service of the lord as Tiuna without specifically agreed in this case freedom. He became serfs, and escaped from Mr. purchase. If he went in search of money to pay the debt, it can not be turned into a slave. In all other cases, attempts to enslave free people stopped by, it was time for a progressive regulation. It was forbidden to pay in a slave man who received a loan of bread or that other "cottage". [2] It was forbidden to beat the purchase without guilt. Also purchase is no longer responsible for the loss of property of the landowner, if that was not his fault. But on the other hand, it is the landlord determines the degree of guilt of a person. All these positions for some time taken off social tensions in society. It is obvious that the "Charter" Vladimir Monomakh was the most direct response to the uprising of 1113 adopting the Code of Laws, he was able to eliminate the problem of the most outspoken of the emerging system, making concessions to the urban lower classes, limiting the power of usury and landowners.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the vladimir всеволодовича (всеволодича) is a set of laws vladimir monomah, entering the "пространную» [1] the" russian truth ". consisted of 69 articles. was created in response to the kiev uprising of 650 years, the reason of social inequality, but also of many issues in the relations between different social strata of ancient russia.in accordance with the charter, have changed the calculations. if the person taking the debt paid as per cent of the amount, he was obliged to return to own duty, but if interest rates were more than one and a half times the amount owed, he automatically погашался. from now on forbidden was take a 20% for the debt. the "charter" was released from the financial dependence of many debtors have their loan sharks. the "charter" contains new provisions on the facilitation of смердов, закупов, рядовичей, холопов. so, clearly identified sources of холопства: самопродажа in kholop, the lackey to rights, женившегося without a treaty on холопке, as well as the entry to the master, as тиуна without particularly specified in this freedom. lackey became and escaped from the master procurement. if he was looking for money to pay the debt, it cannot be turned into a lackey. in all other cases, attempts закабаления free people are addressed by what was at the time a rule. it was forbidden to be in debt in the lackey of a bread or other "дачу». [2] is prohibited without guilt hit today. the procurement is not responsible for loss of property landlord, if that was not his fault. but on the other hand, it is landlord defined degree of culpability.all these provisions at the time took the social tension in society. it is obvious that the "charter" vladimir monomaches was the most direct response to the uprising of 1113. the adoption of the code of laws, he was able to eliminate the most candid problems evolving system, making the assignment of the nizam, limiting the loan and the power of the landowners.