Заимствование из немецкого языкаК з

Заимствование из немецкого языка
К заимствованиям из немецкого языка, в первую очередь, относятся слова, выражающие понятия общественно-политического и философского характера. Большинство из них оформилось в английском языке в переводной форме, то есть в форме кальки. Калькирование ряда словосочетаний и сложных слов немецкого языка облегчалось близким родством немецкого и английского языков.

Первые заимствования из немецкого языка относятся к 16 веку. В этот период были заимствованы слова, относящиеся к торговле, военному делу; названия некоторых растений; слова, характеризующие людей и другие. Например: halt (стой!), lance-knight (ландскнехт), kreuzer (крейцер, название монеты), junker (юнкер).В XVII веке появились новые заимствования из области торговли и военного дела. Например, groschen (гроши); drillinq (тренировка); plunder (грабеж); staff (штаб); fieldmarshal (фельдмаршал) и другие.

В XVIII веке влияние немецкого языка оказалось слабее, чем в предыдущем столетии. Это, очевидно, объясняется общим политическим и экономическим упадком Германии после Тринадцатилетней войны.

Во второй половине XVIII века были заимствованы следующие слова, относящиеся к области геологии, минералогии и горного дела: iceberq, wolfram, nickel, qletscher.

В XIX веке появляется ряд заимствований из области гуманитарных наук, общественной жизни и политики. Заимствуется много терминов (из области химии и физики, филологии, искусства). Многие из этих заимствований представляют собой кальку или являются интернациональными словами. Словами, относящимися к лексикологии, являются, например: ibdogermanic (Indogermanisch), Middle English (Mittelenglisch), umlaut, ablaut, grade (Grad), breaking, folk etymology (Folksetymologie), vowel0shift (Lauterverschieburg), loanword (Lehnwort).

Слова, обозначающие продукты и предметы обихода: marzipan, kohl-rabi, schnapps, kummel, kirsch, vermuth.

Слова из области музыки: leitmotiv, kapellmeister, claviatur, humovresgue.

Названия животных: spits, poodle.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Borrowing from the German languageBorrowing from the German language, primarily include words, expressing the notion of socio-political and philosophical nature. Most of them appeared in the English language in translated form, i.e. in the form of tracing paper. Skinning a number of phrases and compound words of the German language was facilitated by close kinship of German and English languages.The first borrowing from German language belong to the 16 century. In this period were borrowed words related to trade, military; the names of some of the plants; words characterizing people and others. For example: halt (stop!), lance-knight (soldier), kreuzer (Kreutzer, the name of the coin), junker (Junker). In the 17th century, the emergence of new borrowing from the trade and military affairs. For example, groschen (pennies); drillinq (training); plunder (robbery); staff (Headquarters); fieldmarshal (field marshal) and others.In the 18th century, the influence of the German language turned out to be weaker than in the previous century. This is obviously due to the overall political and economic decline after the thirteen years ' war.In the second half of the 18th century were adopted the following words related to geology, mineralogy and mining: iceberq, wolfram, nickel, qletscher.A number appears in the 19th century borrowings from the humanities, public life and politics. Borrowed many terms (from chemistry and physics, philology, arts). Many of these borrowings represent a tracing-paper or are international words. Words related to Lexicology, are, for example: ibdogermanic (Indogermanisch), Middle English (Mittelenglisch), umlaut, ablaut, grade (Grad), breaking, folk etymology (Folksetymologie), vowel0shift (Lauterverschieburg), loanword (Lehnwort).Words for food and household items: marzipan, kohl-rabi, schnapps, kummel, kirsch, vermuth.Words from the field of music: leitmotiv, kapellmeister, claviatur, humovresgue.Animal names: spits, poodle.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Borrowing from German
to borrow from the German language in the first place, are the words that express the notion of socio-political and philosophical nature. Most of them took shape in the English language in translated form, ie in the form of tracing paper. Tracing a number of phrases and compound words of the German language was facilitated by the close relationship of the German and English languages. The first drawing of the German language are to the 16th century. During this period, it was borrowed words related to trade, military affairs; the names of some plants; words describing people and others. For example: halt (! Stand), lance-knight (Landsknecht), kreuzer (Kreutzer, the name of the coin), junker (Junker) .In the XVII century, new borrowing from trade and military affairs. For example, groschen (pennies); drillinq (training); plunder (robbery); staff (headquarters); fieldmarshal (Field Marshal) and others. In the XVIII century the influence of the German language has been less than in the previous century. This is obviously due to the overall political and economic decline in Germany after the Thirteen Years' War. In the second half of the XVIII century have been borrowed these words related to the geology of the region, mineralogy and mining:. Iceberq, wolfram, nickel, qletscher In the XIX century, there is a series of loans from the humanities, social life and politics. It borrows many terms (from the fields of chemistry and physics, philology, art). Many of these loans are tracing or are international words. Words related to lexicography, are, for example: ibdogermanic (Indogermanisch), Middle English (Mittelenglisch), umlaut, ablaut, grade (Grad), breaking, folk etymology (Folksetymologie), vowel0shift (Lauterverschieburg), loanword (Lehnwort). Words designating products and household items: marzipan, kohl-rabi, schnapps , kummel, kirsch, vermuth. from music Words: leitmotiv, kapellmeister, claviatur, humovresgue . animal names: spits, poodle.

Результаты (английский) 3:

borrowing from the german languageby borrowing from the german language, in particular, include the words expressing the concept of socio political and philosophical nature. most of them оформилось in english in bilingual form, that is in the form of literal. калькирование several phrases and compound words of german language facilitated close relationship of german and english languages.the first drawing of the german language belong to the 16th century. in this period have been borrowed words relating to trade, military; the names of certain plants; the words of the people, and others. for example: halt (stop!) , lance - knight (landsknecht), kreuzer (kreutzer, a coin), the first (junkers). the seventeenth century new borrowing from the field of trade and military affairs. for example, groschen (peanuts); drillinq (practice); plunder (robbery), staff (headquarters); fieldmarshal (field marshal) and others.in the 18th century the influence of german language turns out to be weaker than in the previous century. this is obviously due to the overall political and economic decline of 13-year-old germany after the war.in the second half of the 18th century were drawn the following words relating to geology, mineralogy and mining, iceberq, wolfram, nickel, qletscher.in the nineteenth century, a number of borrowing from the humanities, social life and politics. imitated by many terms (from chemistry and physics department, art. many of these loans represent a tracing paper or are international words. words related to лексикологии are, for example, ibdogermanic (Indogermanisch), middle english (Mittelenglisch), umlaut, ablaut, or (grad), breaking, folk etymology (Folksetymologie), vowel0shift (Lauterverschieburg), loanword (Lehnwort).the words for food and household items, marzipan, kohl - rabi, schnapps, kummel, kirsch, vermuth.the words of the music: leitmotiv, kapellmeister, claviatur, humovresgue.names of animals, spits, poodle.