Враждовавшие между собой кельтские

Враждовавшие между собой кельтские вожди приглашали на службу дружины англов, саксов и ютов (германские племена) с континента. Такие дружины, оставшиеся на зимовку в Британии, и были первыми завоевателями. Кент был очень удобен для ютов и практически почти беззащитен. Его и захватили в первую очередь. Юты поселились на острове Уайт.
Дальнейшее завоевание Британии ютами, англами и саксами приходится на вторую половину V в. Высадка дружин морских разбойников на побережье сопровождалась пожарами, истреблением всех, кто попадал в руки завоевателей, грабежами и насилиями. Кто мог, спасался бегством. Местное население было охвачено паническим ужасом и полностью деморализовано. Это делало невозможным какое-либо сопротивление завоевателям. Завоеватели были язычниками и в силу этого с особенной яростью громили богатые церкви и монастыриПосле 600 г., когда завоевание в основном закончилось, образовался ряд мелких англосаксонских королевств.
До середины VIII в средии англосаксонских королевств в целом была бесспорной гегемония Мерсии но Уэссекс вел упорную борьбу за освобождение от её влияния. В 753 г. Уэссекс освободился от власти Мерсии Нортумбрия также отразила натиск мерсийцев.
Над средней Англией Мерсия сохранила власть. Правление в Мерсии короля Оффы (757-796) было временем подготовки к захвату всей Британии. Оффа пошел походом на Уэльс и одержал ряд побед (779). Затем Оффа подчинил Эссекс, Суссекс, восточную Англию и держал в повиновении Кент. Но это усиление
Мерсии было временным, после смерти Оффы попытки объединить Англию были оставлены ,так как Нортумбрия и Уэссекс, соперничая, мешали друг другу.
С конца VIII в. на Британские острова начали совершать набеги даны -собственно датчане и норвежцы .Тех и других обычно называют норманнами. На англосаксонские королевства нападали в основном датчане, а на Ирландию и Шотландию- норвежцы.
Норманны грабили нещадно города, монастыри и села, захватывали в плен людей, обращая их в рабство. Повсеместно они восстанавливали языческую веру и истребляли христианское духовенство.
В 867 г. под ударами датчан окончательно пала Нортумбрия, в 868 г. они напали на Мерсию .Король Этельред пошел навстречу датчанам и заключил с ними мир. После этого датчане отправились на Восточную Англию и покорили ее .Короля Эдмунда они убили стрелами, а их предводитель Гутрум занял его престол .Мерсия стала платить дань и признала верховенство завоевателей. В этих условиях королевству Уэссекс надо было вести борьбу уже не за власть, а за существование.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Warring between a Celtic chiefs invited to the service Brigade, Saxon and Jutes angles (Germanic tribes) from the continent. Such squads remaining in wintering in Britain, and were the first conquerors. Kent was very convenient for the Jutes and almost defenseless. Him and captured in the first place. Utah settled on the Isle of Wight.Further conquest of Britain ûtami, English and Saxons have for the second half of V century Landing brigades sea robbers on the coast was accompanied by fire, massacring all who fell into the hands of the conquerors, looting and violence. Who could flee. The local population had reached panic horror and totally demoralized. This made it impossible for any resistance to the conquerors. The conquerors were pagans and therefore with particular fury smashed rich churches and monastyriPosle 600, when the conquest essentially ended, a number of smaller Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.Until the mid-8th century Anglo-Saxon kingdoms sredii was generally uncontested hegemony of Mercia but Wessex waged a bitter struggle for liberation from her influence. In 753 g. Wessex freed from the power of Mercia Northumbria also reflected the onset of Mercian involvement.Above average England Mercia retained power. Mercian King Offa's reign (757-796) was a time of preparing to seize the whole of Britain. Offa went a campaign in Wales, and won a number of victories (779). Then Offa conquered Essex, Sussex, eastern England and kept in subjection of Kent. But this increasedMercia was temporary, after the death of Offa's attempts to unite England were left as Northumbria and Wessex, rivaling, interfered with each other.Since the end of the 8th century in the British Isles began raiding given-the Danes and Norwegians. Those and other commonly referred to by the Normans. The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom attacked mostly Danes, and on Ireland and Scotland-Norwegians.The Normans pillaged mercilessly cities, monasteries and villages, took captive people, drawing them into slavery. Everywhere they restored the pagan faith and destroyed Christian clergy. In 867, under the blows of the Danes finally fell Northumbria, in 868, they attacked Mercia by King Æthelred went to meet the Danes and made peace with them. Then the Danes went to eastern England and captivated her King Edmund they killed, and their leader Guthrum took his throne. Mercia began to pay tribute and recognized the supremacy of the conquerors. In those circumstances, the Kingdom of Wessex had already fought not for power, but for survival.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Warring Celtic chiefs were invited to the service squads Angles, Saxons and Jutes (Germanic tribes) from the continent. Such brigades left for the winter in Britain, and were the first conquerors. Kent was very convenient for shelters and practically almost defenseless. His and captured first. Utah settled on the Isle of Wight.
Further conquest of Britain Jutes, Angles and Saxons in the second half V century. The landing teams of pirates on the coast accompanied by the fires, the extermination of all those who fell into the hands of the conquerors, looting and violence. Those who could flee. The local population were covered by panic and completely demoralized. This made ​​impossible any resistance to the invaders. The conquerors were pagans and therefore with particular fury smashed monastyriPosle rich churches and 600, when the conquest is mainly over, formed a number of small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
Until the middle of the VIII century among Anglo-Saxon kingdoms was generally unquestioned hegemony of Mercia but Wessex led a bitter struggle for exemption from its influence. In 753 Wessex freed from the power of Mercia Northumbria also reflected the onslaught of the Mercians.
Above average England Mercia save power. Board of King Offa in Mercia (757-796) was a time of preparation for the seizure of all of Britain. Offa went march on Wales and won a number of victories (779). Then subdued Offa of Essex, Sussex, East Anglia and Kent kept in subjection. But this enhancement
of Mercia was the time after the death of Offa's attempts to unite England were left as Northumbria and Wessex, competing, interfere with each other.
Since the end of the VIII. the British Isles began raiding given -private Danes and Norwegians .Teh and other commonly referred to as the Normans. In the Anglo-Saxon kingdom attacked mainly Danes, and Norwegians Shotlandiyu- and Ireland.
The Normans plundered mercilessly cities, monasteries and villages, seized captive people, turning them into slavery. Everywhere they restored pagan faith and Christian clergy exterminated.
In 867, under the blows of the Danes finally fell Northumbria, in 868, they attacked Mercia .Korol Ethelred went against the Danes, and make peace with them. After that, the Danes went to East Anglia and conquered it .Korolya Edmund they killed with arrows, and their leader Guthrum took his throne .Mersiya began to pay tribute and recognize the supremacy of conquerors. In these circumstances, the Kingdom of Wessex had to struggle not for power, but for survival.