Результаты (
английский) 3:
[копия]Скопировано!
1. cars are wonderful, aren"t they? the free us from here and now, they open up escape routes into holiday weekends, and they turn the difficulties of a journey into the pleasures of a trip. sure, they have their downside - pollution, noise, the odd pile up - but no amount of environmental damage can ever take the sweetness out of a ride down a country lane, with the wind in your hair and power at your feet. however, a continuous increase in the number of cars leads to serious congestion and escalate pollution caused by cars. governments build new roads trying to improve the situation, and this means that they cut down trees and destroy more of the countryside.2. the car is one of the biggest polluters today. Exhaust fumes from cars are the main cause of bad air quality, which can make people feel ill and have those breathing. the problem is especially bad in some cities, where on days when there is not much wind, a brown layer smog (international of fog and smoke) hangs in the air. the relatively inefficient combustion of fuel in a car engine cause many hydrocarbon fragments to be left unburned. these fragments (mainly methane and other alkynes) help to form smog and are feared to be carcinogenic.the incomplete combustion of fuel produces also carbon monoxide (co). it is poisonous and at moderate concentrations can cause drowsiness and impair mental and physical alertness. carbon monoxide emissions largely come from cars exhaust. oxides nitrogen (nox) are formed within the cylinders of an engine and fuel combustion. they are major components of smog and it is very difficult to deal with them in the engine. if more air is introduced into the cylinder to burn the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from, the temperature is raised and more nitrogen oxides are formed.3. Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in vehicle exhausts combine with one another in sunlight. to produce ozone. the ground level ozone is a major air pollutant. the photochemical smog is worst in traffic - congested cities on hot, dry summer days, whereas sulphur based smog occurs on a damp winter days. Photochemical smog is especially common when the vehicle engines are old and other food, as often occurs in developing countries. in some overpopulated cities such as mexico city and san paulo almost all children suffer from coughs and wheezing, different forms of allergies. this is mainly due to the effects of ozone and other motor vehicle pollutants.poor air quality can have a damaging effect on the lungs of children. high level of air pollution increases the risk of retarded lung development determining their breathing capacity and health for the rest of their life.4. air in large cities contains a great deal of dust, suspended in air minute solid particles. some of them are toxic and can contain lead. lead comes from petrol in which lead compounds are added to raise its octane number and hence also the performance of the engine. the lead is emitted in tiny particles, which take a long time to settle and, if breathed in, can accumulate in the body and cause lead poisoning. human being cannot excrete lead, so it accumulates lead in the body. even in small concentrations (25 milligrams per litre), it can cause headaches, or rolls, and general tiredness. today more and more cars are made to run on unleaded by.
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