Индуцированные плюрипотентные ствол

Индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC или iPS) удалось получить из клеток различных тканей (в первую очередь фибробластов) с помощью их репрограммирования методами генетической инженерии.
В ранних работах iPS пытались получить путём слияния «взрослых» клеток с ЭСК. В 2006 году были получены iPS из сперматогониев мышей и людей
В 2006 году были разработаны методы репрограммирования клеток путём введения в них генов, кодирующих транскрипционные факторы, характерные для плюрипотентных клеток, (в первую очередь, генов транскрипционных факторов Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc и Nanog) с помощью лентивирусов и других векторов" Репрограммирование клеток с целью превращения их в iPS было признано журналом Science главным научным прорывом 2008 г
В 2009 году была опубликована работа, в которой с помощью метода тетраплоидной комплементации впервые было показано, что iPS могут давать полноценный организм, в том числе и клетки зародышевого путИ. iPS, полученные из фибробластов кожи мышей с помощью трансформации с использованием ретровирусного вектора, в некотором проценте случаев дали здоровых взрослых мышей, которые были способны нормально размножаться. Таким образом, впервые были получены клонированные животные без примеси генетического материала яйцеклеток (при стандартной процедуре клонирования митохондриальная ДНК передается потомству от яйцеклетки реципиента). В 2012 г за разработку технологии клонирования и генетического репрграммирования Нобелевская премия по физиологии и медицине была вручена Джону Гердону (Англия) и Шинья Яманака (Япония). А в 2014 г проф. М Такахаши и Ш. Яманака впервые произвели трансплантацию пигментного эпителия сетчатки глаза, полученного из iPS клеток пациентке с возрастной дегенерацией сетчатки.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Induced pluripotent stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS iPSC) managed to get from the cells of various tissues (primarily fibroblasts) using their reprogrammirovanija methods of genetic engineering.In the early works of iPS tried to gain by merging adult cells from HESCS. In 2006 year were obtained by iPS from the spermatogoniev of mice and menIn the year 2006 were the methods of reprogrammirovanija cells by introducing genes which encode transcription factors characteristic of pluripotent cells (primarily, genes transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc and Nanog) using lentivirusov and other vectors "Reprogramming cells to turn them into iPS was recognized by the magazine Science chief scientific breakthrough, 2008In 2009, was published work in which using the tetraploidnoj supplements for the first time it has been shown that iPS can give full body, including cells of the germinal way. IPS skin fibroblasts derived from mice using transformation using retroviral vectors in a certain percentage of cases have given healthy adult mice that were able to reproduce normally. Thus, for the first time cloned animals were obtained without genetic material impurities ova (standard cloning procedure is passed to the descendants of the mitochondrial DNA of the egg recipient). In 2012, for the development of cloning technology and genetic reprgrammirovanija Nobel Prize for Physiology or medicine was awarded to John Gerdonu (England) and Shinya Yamanaka (Japan). And in 2014, Prof. M. Takahashi and s. Yamanaka fired first transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium derived from iPS cells from patient with age-related degeneration of the retina.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Induced pluripotent stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC or iPS) cells could be obtained from different tissues (especially fibroblasts) via reprogramming them by genetic engineering.
In early works iPS tried to get through the merger of "adult" cells from hESCs. In 2006, were obtained from iPS spermatogonia of mice and men
methods of reprogramming cells by introducing genes into them in 2006 have been developed that encode transcription factors characteristic of pluripotent cells (primarily of gene transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c- Myc and Nanog) using a lentiviral and other vectors "Reprogramming cells to turn them into iPS has been recognized by the journal Science as chief scientific breakthrough of 2008.
in 2009, was published, in which using the method of the tetraploid complementation was first shown that iPS can give full body, including the cells of germ-line. iPS, derived from skin fibroblasts mice by transformation with a retroviral vector, a certain percentage of cases, given the healthy adult mice, which were able to normally reproduce. Thus, for the first time were obtained cloned animals without impurities eggs genetic material (when the standard procedure of cloning mitochondrial DNA is passed to offspring from the recipient oocyte). In 2012 for the development of cloning technology and genetic reprgrammirovaniya Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to John Gurdon (England) and Shinya Yamanaka (Japan). In 2014 prof. M Takahashi and S. Yamanaka first made the transplantation of pigment epithelium retina derived from iPS cells with patient age degeneration of the retina.

Результаты (английский) 3:

induced pluripotent stem cells (induced pluripotent are pluripotent stem cells, iPSC or iPS) were obtained from cells of various tissues (especially fibroblast) through their репрограммирования methods of genetic engineering.in the early work iPS sought by the merger of "adult cells from esc. in 2006 were obtained from mice and humans сперматогониев iPSin 2006, methods have been developed репрограммирования cells by the introduction of these genes, which encode транскрипционные factors specific to плюрипотентных cells (particularly, genes транскрипционных factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c - Myc and Nanog) by лентивирусов and other vectors "репрограммирование cells to turn them into iPS was recognized by the scientific journal science the flood of 2008in 2009, the work was published, in which with the help of the method комплементации matvienko, for the first time it was shown that iPS may give an organism, including cells зародышевого way. iPS obtained from skin fibroblast of mice by transformation using a retroviral vector, in a percentage of cases were healthy adult mice that were capable of fine breed. thus, for the first time were obtained from cloned animals without markers of genetic material eggs (with the standard cloning mitochondrial dna is transmitted to the progeny of the recipient eggs). in 2012, for the development of cloning technology and genetic репрграммирования nobel prize in physiology and medicine was awarded to john гердону (england) and shinya yamanaka (japan). in 2014 the trac. m, takahashi and shh. yamanaka was first produced the transplant пигментного retinal epithelial cells obtained from a patient with iPS age degeneration of retina.