Научно-технический прогресс и социа

Научно-технический прогресс и социальная борьба трудящихся, а также растущее благосостояние общества обусловили постепенное уменьшение рабочего времени в пользу свободного: введение гарантированных неоплачиваемых, а впоследствии и оплачиваемых отпусков (В Германии, например, впервые отпуска были установлены законом о государственных служащих 1873г.).

Повышение качества и надежности транспортных перевозок в совокупности с их удешевлением, а так же постепенное сокращение рабочего времени обусловили существенное увеличение потоков путешествующих. Соответственно возникли первые предприятия, специализировавшиеся на обслуживании временных посетителей. На смену скромным пансионам и "комнатам для госте" в домах священнослужителей, в монастырях и религиозных миссиях приходят первые гостиницы. В 1801г. в Германии открывается первоклассная гостиница "Бадише Хоф" в Баден-Бадене. В Германии на рубеже 18-19 веков возникают первые курорты минеральных вод - в Хайлигендаммене, Нордернее, Травемюнде.


Исторические вехи туризма XX в.


Начало XX в. связано с возникновением и развитием разных видов транспорта. Создание в 1769 г. немецкими изобретателями Г. Даймлером и К. Бенцем автомобиля с двигателем внутреннего сгорания дало человечеству быстрый и комфортный способ передвижения.

В Германии первое бюро путешествий - "Райзебюро Штанген" - было основано в Бреслау в 1863г. Фирма имела тесные контакты с пароходными компаниями и в начале ХХ века активно рекламировала и продавала морские круизные увеселительные поездки. В Германии конца ХIХ - начала ХХ веков дальние туристические поездки могли себе позволить еще немногие. Тем не менее постепенно путешествия становятся доступны среднему классу. Среди чиновников и служащих в этот период широкое распространение получил летний выезд на дачи (Sommerfrische). Дача находилась, как правило, недалеко от города, основным видом используемого дачниками транспорта была железная дорога, размещение отличалось скромностью и чинностью. Дачный сезон длился в обеспеченных семьях с конца июнь до начала сентября. Для бюджета семей мелких чиновников и рабочих дачи стали доступными лишь в конце 20-х гг. нашего века.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Scientific and technological progress and social struggle of the workers, as well as the growing welfare of society led to the gradual reduction of working time in favor of free: the introduction of guaranteed unpaid and paid leave (in Germany, for example, first leave were established civil servants Act, 1873).Improving the quality and reliability of transportation, coupled with their laptops, as well as the gradual reduction of working time have led to a significant increase in the flow of travellers. Accordingly, having first enterprise, specialized on maintenance of temporary visitors. To replace the modest guest and "guest rooms" in the homes of clergy, monasteries and religious missions come first hotels. In 1801g. in Germany offer a first-rate hotel "Badischer Hof" in Baden-Baden. In Germany at the turn of the 18-19 centuries arose the first resorts mineral waters-Hajligendammene, Nordernee, Travemünde.Historical milestones of the 20th century tourism.Beginning of XX century and linked to the development of different modes of transport. The establishment in 1769 g. German inventors g. Daimler and k. Benz car with an internal combustion engine gave to mankind a quick and comfortable way to travel.In Germany the first travel agency-"Reisebuero Shtangen"-was founded in Breslau in 1863g. The company had close contacts with companies and parohodnymi at the beginning of the 20th century actively advertised and sold marine cruise entertainment trip. In Germany the late nineteenth-early twentieth centuries long-haul trips could afford another few. Nevertheless, gradually become available to middle-class travel. Among the officials and servants during this period of widespread summer departure to villas (Sommerfrische). Dacha was usually not far from the town, the main type used by vacationers transport railway, placing different modesty and chinnost'ju. The holiday season lasts from the end of well-to-do families June until early September. Family budget of petty officials and workers cottages are available only in the late 20-ies. our century.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Scientific and technological progress and social struggles of the working people, and the growing welfare of society led to the gradual reduction of working hours for the benefit of the free: the introduction of guaranteed unpaid, and, subsequently, paid leave (in Germany, for example, the first holiday were established by the law on civil servants 1873.).

Increasing transport quality and reliability together with their cheaper, as well as the gradual reduction of working time led to a significant increase in the flow of traveling. Thus arose the first companies specializing in serving temporary visitors. In place of modest guesthouses and "Guest Room" in the homes of priests in monasteries and religious missions come first hotels. In 1801. Germany opens first-class hotel "Badische Hof" in Baden-Baden. In Germany, at the turn of 18-19 centuries appear the first resorts of mineral water - in Hayligendammene, Norderney, Travemünde.


Historical tourism landmarks of XX century.


The beginning of XX century. due to the emergence and development of different modes of transport. Creation in 1769 by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz car with an internal combustion engine has given mankind a quick and comfortable way to travel.

In Germany, the first travel agency - "Reisebuero barbell" - was founded in 1863 in Breslau. The company has had close contact with the shipping company and the early twentieth century to actively promote and sell sea cruise pleasure trips. In Germany, late XIX - early XX centuries long tourist trips could afford even a few. Nevertheless, gradually travel are available the middle class. Among the officials and employees in the period was widespread summer exit to garden (Sommerfrische). Villa was usually close to the city, the main type of transport used vacationers was the railroad, placement differed modesty and decorum. Summer season lasted wealthy families from the end of June to early September. For budget family of petty officials and workers cottages have become available only in the late 20-ies. our century. usually close to the city, the main type of transport used vacationers was the railroad, placement differed modesty and decorum. Summer season lasted wealthy families from the end of June to early September. For budget family of petty officials and workers cottages have become available only in the late 20-ies. our century. usually close to the city, the main type of transport used vacationers was the railroad, placement differed modesty and decorum. Summer season lasted wealthy families from the end of June to early September. For budget family of petty officials and workers cottages have become available only in the late 20-ies. our century.

Результаты (английский) 3:

scientific and technological progress and social struggle of workers and the growing social welfare resulted in gradual reduction of working hours for free: a guaranteed bonus, and subsequently paid leave (in germany, for example, for the first time leaves were established by law on civil servants 1873г.).improving the quality and reliability of transport together with their удешевлением, as well as the gradual reduction of working time resulted in a significant increase in the flow of travellers. accordingly, having the first enterprise, специализировавшиеся for servicing temporary visitors. replace the modest пансионам and rooms for guest "in the houses of clergy in the monasteries and religious missions come to the hotel. in 1801г. germany opens a hotel "бадише hof" in baden baden. in germany at the turn of the 18-19 centuries arose the first mineral water resorts in хайлигендаммене, нордернее, травемюнде.historical landmarks in tourism xx.the start of the 20th. due to the emergence and development of various modes of transport. the establishment in 1769. german inventors. даймлером and. бенцем vehicle with internal combustion engine gave mankind the fast and comfortable way to travel.in germany, the first travel agency "райзебюро штанген" - was founded in breslau in 1863г. the company has been in close contact with the пароходными companies and in the early twentieth century, actively рекламировала and selling sea cruise entertainment travel. in the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries germany long tours could afford a few. nevertheless, gradually trips are available to middle-class. among the officials and employees in the period of widespread received a summer exit to (Sommerfrische). duch was, as a rule, not far from the town, the main mode of transport was used дачниками railway, accommodation was modesty and чинностью. a season lasted from the end of june in wealthy families until the beginning of september. for budget family minor officials and workers to become available only at the end of the 20s). in our century.