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Trial by jury is an ancient and important feature of EnglishJustice. Although it has declined in civil cases (except for instructionsand fraud), it is the main element in criminal trials in the crownCourt. Jury membership was once linked to the ownership of property, which resulted in male and middle-classdominance. But now most categories of British residents are obligedto undertake jury service when summoned.Before the start of a criminal trial in the crown court, the 12 jurorsare chosen from a list of some 30 names randomly selected fromlocal electoral registers. They listen to the evidence at the trialand give their verdict on the facts, after having been isolated in a separate room for their deliberations. In England, Wales andNorthern Ireland the verdict may be ' guilty ' or ' not guilty ',the latter resulting in the acquittal. Until 1967 the verdict had to be• unanimous But now the judge will accept a majority verdict afterthe jury has deliberated for more than two hours provided that, in the normal jury of 12 people, there are no more than two dissenters.In Scotland the jury's verdict may be ' guilty ', ' not guilty ' or' not proven ', the accused is acquitted if either of the last twoverdicts is given. As a general rule, no one may be convicted; without corroborated evidence from at least two sources.If the jury it acquits the defendant, the prosecution has noright of appeal and the defendant cannot be tried again for thethe same offence.the judiciary. Any attempt to . Potential jurors are puton a panel before the start of the trial. In England and Wales thethe prosecution and the defence may challenge; individual jurors onthe panel, giving reasons for doing so. In Scotland the prosecution or defence may challenge up to three jurors without reason. In Northern Ireland each defendant has the right to challenge up to 12 potential jurors without giving a reason.People between the ages of 18 and 70 (65 in Scotland) whose names appear on the electoral register, with certain exceptions,are liable for jury service and their names are chosen atrandom. Ineligible people include, for example, judges and peoplewho have within the previous ten years been members of the legalprofession or the police, prison or probation services. Peopleconvicted of certain offences within the previous ten years cannotserve on a jury. Anyone who has received a prison sentence of fiveyears or more is disqualified for life.
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