Рулевое устройствоРулевое устройств

Рулевое устройствоРулевое устройство служит для изменения направления движения судна, обеспечивая перекладку пера руля на некоторый угол в заданный промежуток времени.Основные элементы рулевого устройства показаны на рис. 54.Руль – основной орган, обеспечивающий работу устройства. Он действует только на ходу судна и в большинстве случаев располагается в кормовой части. Обычно на судне один руль. Но иногда для упрощения конструкции руля (но не рулевого устройства, которое при этом усложняется) ставят несколько рулей, сумма площадей которых должна быть равной расчетной площади пера руля.Основной элемент руля – перо . По форме поперечного сечения перо руля может быть: а) пластинчатым или плоским, б) обтекаемым или профилированным.Преимущество профилированного пера руля в том, что сила давления на него превосходит (на 30% и более) давление на пластинчатый руль, что улучшает поворотливость судна. Отстояние центра давления такого руля от входящей (передней) кромки руля меньше, и момент, необходимый для поворота профилированного руля, также меньше, чем у пластинчатого руля. Следовательно, потребуется и менее мощная рулевая машина. Кроме того, профилированный (обтекаемый) руль улучшает работу винта и создает меньшее сопротивление движению судна.Форма проекции пера руля на ДП зависит от формы кормового образования корпуса, а площадь – от длины и осадки судна (L и Т). У морских судов площадь пера руля выбирается в пределах 1,7-2,5% от погруженной части площади диаметральной плоскости судна. Ось баллера является осью вращения пера руля.Баллер руля в кормовой подзор корпуса входит через гельм- портовую трубу. На верхней части баллера (голове) крепится на шпонке рычаг, называемый румпелем , служащий для передачи вращательного момента от привода через баллер на перо руля.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The steering device

steering gear to change the direction of movement of the vessel, allowing relaying the rudder blade by a certain angle in a predetermined time interval.

The main elements of the steering apparatus shown in Fig. 54.

The steering wheel - the main authority responsible for operation of the device. It operates only while the vessel and in most cases is located in the aft part. Usually on board one wheel. But sometimes, to simplify design steering (but not the steering device, which in this case is complicated), put several rudders sum of the areas which should be equal to the calculated area of the rudder blade.

The main element of steering - the pen. The shape of the cross section of the rudder blade can be: a) a plate or flat, b) streamlined or shaped.

The advantage of profiled rudder is that the force of pressure on him most (30% or more), the pressure plate on the steering wheel, which improves the turning vessel. Pressure equidistance from the center of the steering part (front) edge of the wheel is smaller and the torque required to rotate the shaped wheel, also smaller than the steering plate. Consequently, the need and the less powerful steering engine. Furthermore, the shaped (streamlined) wheel improves the performance of the screw and generates minimal resistance to movement of the vessel.

The shape of the projection on the rudder form depends on the DP of feed formation body, and the area - the length and the precipitation vessel (L and T). In marine vessels rudder area selected in the range 1.7-2.5% of the area of the submerged part of the ship's centreline. Rudder axis is the axis of rotation of the rudder blade.

Rudder stock in the rear valance gelm- body enters through the port tube. On top of the rudder stock (the head) is mounted on the spline lever, called the tiller, for transmitting torque from the drive via the rudder post for the rudder blade.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Steering device

The steering device serves to change the direction of the ship, providing a steering pen at a certain angle in a given period of time.

The main elements of the steering device are shown in the pic. 54.

The steering wheel is the main body that ensures the device works. It acts only on the course of the ship and in most cases is located in the stern part. Usually there is one steering wheel on the ship. But sometimes to simplify the design of the steering wheel (but not the steering device, which is complicated) put several steering wheels, the amount of which should be equal to the estimated area of the steering pen.

The main element of the steering wheel is the pen. In the form of a cross-section of the steering pen can be: a) plate or flat, b) streamlined or profiled.

The advantage of a profiled steering pen is that the pressure on it exceeds (by 30% or more) pressure on the plate steering wheel, which improves the rotation of the vessel. The steering center is smaller from the incoming (front) edge of the steering wheel, and the moment needed to rotate the profiled steering wheel is also smaller than that of the plate steering wheel. Therefore, a less powerful steering machine will be required. In addition, the profiled (streamlined) steering wheel improves the propeller and creates less resistance to the movement of the vessel.

The shape of the steering pen projection on the DP depends on the shape of the stern formation of the hull, and the area - on the length and precipitation of the vessel (L and T). At the ships, the area of the rudder pen is selected within 1.7-2.5% of the submerged part of the area of the diametric plane of the vessel. The baller axis is the axis of the steering pen's rotation.

The baller steering wheel in the stern sublet of the hull enters through the helm-port pipe. At the top of the baller (head) is attached to the top of the lever, called a rumpel, which serves to transfer the rotational moment from the drive through the baller to the steering pen.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Steering gear
The steering gear is used to change the direction of the ship and ensure that the penholder of the steering surface is adjusted to a certain angle within a specified time.
The main components of the steering gear are shown in Figure 1. 54.
The steering wheel is the main organ to ensure the operation of the device. It operates only on board and, in most cases, aft. There is usually a steering wheel on the ship. But sometimes in order to simplify the design of the steering wheel (but not the steering gear, which is becoming more and more complex), multiple steering wheels are set, The total area shall be equal to the calculated area of the rudder surface.
The main part of the steering wheel is feathers. According to the cross section shape, the rudder fin can be: (a) plate type or plane type, b) streamline type or forming type.
The advantage of rudder blade forming is that the pressure on the rudder is greater than（ The distance between the pressure center of the rudder and the leading edge of the steering wheel is smaller, and the torque required for the transformation rudder is smaller than that for the plate rudder. Therefore, a smaller steering gear is needed. In addition, the shaped (streamlined) rudder improves the work of the propeller and forms a small resistance to the operation of the ship.
The projective form of призальнййперов йпер depends on the feed forming form of the hull, while the area depends on the length and draft of the ship) [l] In ships, the choice of rudder fin area is from 1.7% to 2.5% of the submerged part of the ship's diameter surface. The ballera axis is the rudder rotation axis.
The rudder stock in the stern of the telescope passes through the gel port tube. On the upper part of the baller (head), the handle supported on the key is called the tiller, which is used to transfer the rotation torque from the driving rod to the steering rod through the tiller.