ПреимуществаОтсутствие инфляции или

Преимущества

Отсутствие инфляции или инфляция, близкая к нулевой;
Безработица, близкая к нулевой;
Меньшее социальное расслоение;
Возможность сконцентрировать все ресурсы для производства определенной продукции, что может быть важным, например, в военное время.

Недостатки

невозможность оперативного реагирования на потребности общества, что может привести к дефициту пользующихся спросом товаров и услуг, высокая вероятность принятия неверных решений об инвестициях, об объёмах производства той или иной продукции (услуг);
отсутствие у производителей стимулов к эффективности использования ресурсов, к расширению ассортимента товаров и услуг, к инновациям;
неспособность производить своевременную замену устаревшего оборудования в связи с тем, что замена устаревшего оборудования требует временной остановки производства, а это приводит к невыполнению плана выпуска продукции.

Пример планового хозяйства

Типичным примером плановой экономики является экономика СССР в период с начала 1930-х годов по 1991 год. Государственным органом, регулирующим экономику, являлся Госплан СССР, который был создан в феврале 1921 года на базе комиссии ГОЭЛРО. Госплан СССР разрабатывал проекты сначала на год, а с 1925 года на 5 (1928—1932) лет (пятилетка).

Также следует указать, что элементы плановой экономики иногда существовали и в рамках капитализма, например в нацистской Германии во время второй мировой войны.


Критика

Одним из первых серьёзных критиков социалистической экономики был Людвиг фон Мизес. В 1922 году вышла в свет книга «Социализм», в которой автор подверг критике идеи социализма и впервые попытался доказать невозможность социализма и социалистической экономики .

Результаты (английский) 1:

AdvantagesThe absence of inflation or inflation close to zero;Unemployment is close to zero;Less social stratification;The ability to concentrate all resources for the production of specific products that can be important, for example, in a time of war.Disadvantagesinability to react quickly to the needs of society, which could lead to a shortage of demand for goods and services, the high probability of adopting wrong decisions about investments, on volume of manufacture of a product (services);lack of manufacturers incentives to efficient utilization of resources, to increase the range of goods and services, to innovate;inability to produce timely replacement of obsolete equipment in connection with the fact that the replacement of obsolete equipment required to temporarily stop production, and it leads to a failure in the production plan.An example of a planned economyA typical example of a planned economy is the economy of the USSR since the early 1930-ies in 1991 year. Public authority regulating the economy, Gosplan was, which was established in February 1921 at the GOELRO Commission. Gosplan drafted draft initially for a year, and since 1925 year on 5 (1928-1932) years (five years).You should also specify that elements of the planned economy sometimes existed within the framework of capitalism, such as in Nazi Germany during the second world war.CriticismOne of the first serious critics of socialist economy was Ludwig von Mises. In the year 1922 book "socialism", in which the author criticized the idea of socialism and first tried to prove the impossibility of socialism and socialist economy.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Benefits The lack of inflation or inflation is close to zero, unemployment is close to zero, fewer social stratification; the opportunity to concentrate all the resources for the production of certain products that may be important, for example, in wartime. Disadvantages inability to respond rapidly to the needs of society, which can lead to a shortage in demand for goods and services, a high probability of making the wrong decisions about investment, about the volumes of production of a product (service); lack of manufacturers incentives for efficient use of resources, to expand the range of products and services, innovation, inability to produce timely replacement of obsolete equipment due to the fact that the replacement of obsolete equipment requires a temporary suspension of production, and this leads to non-compliance with the production plan. An example of a planned economy A typical example of a planned economy is the economy of the USSR in the period from early 1930 to 1991. State body that regulates the economy was the USSR State Planning Committee, which was established in February 1921, based on the commission of electrification. Gosplan developed projects in the first year, and from 1925 on 5 (1928-1932) years (five-year). It should also be pointed out that the elements of the planned economy sometimes existed in the framework of capitalism, such as in Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Criticism One of the first serious critics of the socialist economy was Ludwig von Mises. In 1922 he published a book "Socialism", in which he criticized the ideas of socialism and for the first time tried to prove the impossibility of socialism and the socialist economy.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the advantages of

the lack of inflation or inflation is close to zero;
unemployment close to zero;
less social stratification;
to concentrate all resources to the production of some productswhat may be important, for example, in a time of war.



the shortcomings of rapid response to the needs of the society, which may lead to deficits in tradable goods and serviceshigh probability of wrong investment decisions, production volumes of the products (services);
of producer incentives for efficient use of resources.to expand the range of products and services innovation;
failure to timely replacement of obsolete equipment in connection with thethe replacement of obsolete equipment requires a temporary stop production, leading to the failure of the plan output. an example of planned management



a typical example of planned economy is the economy of the soviet union in the period since the early 1930's in 1991. government authority governing the economy, by gosplan.which was established in february 1921 at the base of the goelro plan. gosplan was developing projects, first for a year, and from 1925 to 5 (1928 - 1932) years (five).

also should indicatewhat elements of the centrally planned economy, sometimes existed in the capitalism, for example in nazi germany during the second world war.




criticism