Text ВHypophysis (the Pituitary) We

Text ВHypophysis (the Pituitary)
We know the hypophysis to be a small oval body weighing about 0,5 g; it
is located in the cranial cavity and is connected with the hypothalamus. The
gland consists of an anterior lobe, an intermediate part and a posterior lobe;
the borders between them can be seen only under the microscope.
Experimental and clinical observations strongly suggest anterior lobe to be
necessary for proper growth to adult stature, for normal development and
function of the reproductive system and for control the activities of other
endocrine glands. The posterior lobe remains connected to the brain by
means of the pituitary stalk, through which nerve impulses travel from the
hypothalamus. The anterior lobe, so far as is known, r eceives no nerve
fibres of any kind, and its control must then depend on t he presence of
substances in the blood. In spite of all this, there appears to be a way
whereby the brain can exercise a fairly direct control over the anterior lobe.
The blood vessels leading to the hypothalamus break up into capillaries;
having passed through these capillaries, the blood is gathered into small
veins; these veins pass downward so that they open into another set of
capillaries in the anterior lobe. This is called the hypothalamic-hypophyseal
portal system. Excision of the anterior hypophysis neither alters the lipid
content of the liver nor inhibits the accumulation of large amounts of lipids in
the liver.
The hypothalamus has been found to secrete special substances which
regulate the secretion of the hypophyseal hormones. The activities of the
other endocrine glands are thus subject to neurohumoral regulation through
the hypophysis.
Disfunction of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis is accompanied by
changes throughout the organism. For example, excessive secretion of the
growth hormone in childhood results in gigantism. Such people may grow to
a height of 2,5-2,6 m. Excessive secretion of this hormone in adults results
not only in excessive growth of the bones of the face, fingers and toes, but
in enlarged nose, tongue and certain other organs. This disease is called
acromegaly. Insufficient secretion of the growth hormone in childhood is
accompanied by retarded growth (dwarfism). It is a relatively rare condition
iissociated with either early atrophy or absence of the anterior lobe.
The posterior lobe of the hypophysis secretes oxytocin and vasopressin.
Physiologists consider oxytocin to intensify the contractions of the uterine
muscles and it is therefore used to boost weak labour. We know
vasopressin to cause constriction of the blood vessels, especially those of
the uterus.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Text VHypophysis (Pituitary) We know the hypophysis to be a small oval body weighing about 0.5 g; It is located in the cranial cavity and is connected with the hypothalamus. The gland consists of an anterior lobe, an intermediate part and a posterior lobe; the borders between them can be seen only under the microscope. Experimental and clinical observations strongly suggest anterior lobe to be necessary for proper growth to adult stature, for normal development and function of the reproductive system and for control the activities of other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe remains connected to the brain by means of the pituitary stalk, through which nerve impulses travel from the hypothalamus. The anterior lobe, so far as is known, r eceives no nerve fibres of any kind, and its control must then depend on t he presence of substances in the blood. In spite of all this, there appears to be a way whereby the brain can exercise a fairly direct control over the anterior lobe. The blood vessels leading to the hypothalamus break up into capillaries; having passed through these capillaries, the blood is gathered into small veins; These veins pass downward so that they open into another set of capillaries in the anterior lobe. This is called the hypothalamic-hypophyseal Portal system. Excision of the anterior hypophysis neither alters the lipid content of the liver nor inhibits the accumulation of large amounts of lipids in the liver. The hypothalamus has been found to secrete special substances which regulate the secretion of the hypophyseal hormones case. The activities of the other endocrine glands are thus subject to neurohumoral regulation through the hypophysis. Disfunction of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis is accompanied by changes throughout the organism. For example, excessive secretion of the growth hormone in childhood results in gigantism. Such people may grow to a height of 2.5 m -2.6. Excessive secretion of this hormone in adults results not only in excessive growth of the bones of the face, fingers and toes, but in enlarged nose, tongue and certain other organs. This disease is called acromegaly. Insufficient secretion of the growth hormone in childhood is accompanied by retarded growth (dwarfism). It is a relatively rare condition iissociated with either early atrophy or absence of the anterior lobe. The posterior lobe of the hypophysis secretes oxytocin and vasopressin. Physiologists consider oxytocin to intensify parameter is closely related the contractions of the can muscles and it is therefore used to boost weak labour. We know vasopressin to cause constriction of the blood vessels, especially those of the uterus.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Text VHypophysis (the-Pituitary-)
for We the know the a hypophysis to the BE a small oval body weighing about 0.5 g; IT
is Located in the cranial cavity and is the connected with the the hypothalamus. Of The
gland to Consists of an the anterior lobe, an intermediate part and a the posterior lobe;
the borders Between Them CAN the BE the seen only under the microscope.
Experimental and clinical Observations Strongly the suggest the anterior lobe to the BE
Necessary for Proper growth to adult stature, for normal development and
of the Reproductive function and system for control of the activities Insider OTHER
endocrine glands. The posterior lobe Remains of The the connected to the brain by
Means of the the pituitary stalk, through the which nerve Impulses from the travel to
the hypothalamus. The anterior lobe of The, as with SO far the is known, r eceives the no nerve
Fibres of the any kind, and its' a must control the depend on the then t he presence of
Substances in the blood. With In spite of all the this, there Appears to the BE a way
whereby the the brain CAN exercise Other a Fairly direct control over the the anterior lobe.
Of The blood Vessels a leading to the the hypothalamus break statement up closeup Into capillaries;
the having PASSED through for These capillaries, the blood is Gathered Into small
veins; Downward veins pass for These SO That Into another for They the open the set of
capillaries in the anterior lobe the. It is the Called This Hypothalamic-hypophyseal
portal system. The anterior of the Excision a hypophysis Neither the lipid Alters
the content of the liver NOR Inhibits the accumulation of large Amounts of Lipids in
the liver.
Of The the hypothalamus has found! Been to the which Secrete special Substances
Regulate the secretion of the hypophyseal hormones. Of the activities Insider of The
OTHER endocrine glands are THUS are subject to regulation The neurohumoral through
the a hypophysis.
Disfunction of the the anterior lobe of the a hypophysis is Accompanied by
changes Throughout the Organism. Example For, Excessive secretion of the
growth hormone in childhood A results in gigantism. People may grow Such to
a height of 2.5-2.6 m. Secretion of the this Excessive hormone in adults results
not only in Excessive growth of the bones of the face, fingers and toes, But
in enlarged nose, tongue and Certain Organs OTHER. Disease is Called This
Acromegaly. Secretion of the Insufficient growth hormone in childhood A is
Accompanied by retarded growth (of dwarfism). It is a Relatively of rare condition
iissociated with an either early atrophy or convulsive absence of the the anterior lobe.
Of The the posterior lobe of the a hypophysis secretes oxytocin and vasopressin.
Physiologists Consider oxytocin to Intensify the Contractions of the uterine
muscles and IT is therefore USED to the boost weak Labour. The know for We
vasopressin to a cause constriction of the blood Vessels, Especially Those of
the the uterus.

Результаты (английский) 3:

text вHypophysis (the Pituitary)we know the hypophysis to be a small oval body weighing about 0.5 g; itis located in the cranial to and is connected with the hypothalamus. thegland consists of a law lobe, an intermediate part and a posterior lobe;the borders between them can be seen only under the,.experimental and clinical observations (from the law lobe to benecessary for proper growth and adult stature, for normal development andfunction of the reproductive system, and control the activities of otherendocrine glands. the posterior lobe remains connected to the brain bymeans of the pituitary stalk, through which nerve impulses travel englishhypothalamus. the law lobe, so far as is known, r eceives no nervefibres of any kind, and its control must then depend on t he presence ofsubstances in the blood. in spite of all this, there appears to be a waywhereby the brain can exercise a fairly direct control over the law lobe.the blood vessels leading to the hypothalamus break up into capillaries;having passed through the capillaries, the blood is gathered into smallveins; these veins pass downward so that they open into another set ofcapillaries in the law lobe. this is called the hypothalamic - hypophysealportal system. Excision of the law hypophysis neither alters the lipidcontent of the liver inhibits nor the accumulation of large amounts of lipids inthe liver.the hypothalamus has been found to secrete special substances.regulate the secretion of the hypophyseal hormones. the activities of theother endocrine glands are thus subject to neurohumoral regulation throughthe hypophysis.Disfunction of the law of the hypophysis is accompanied by lobechanges throughout the organism. for example, excessive secretion of thegrowth hormone in childhood results in gigantism. such people may grow toa height of 2.5 and 2.6 m. excessive secretion of this hormone in adults resultsnot only in excessive growth of the bones of the face, fingers and toes.in enlarged nose, tongue and certain other organs. this disease is calledacromegaly. for secretion of the growth hormone in childhood isaccompanied by retarded growth (dwarfism). it is a relatively rare conditioniissociated with either the atrophy or absence of the law lobe.the posterior lobe of the hypophysis secretes oxytocin and vasopressin.Physiologists consider oxytocin to intensify the contractions of the uterinemuscles and it is therefore used to boost weak labour. we knowvasopressin to cause constriction of the blood vessels, especially those ofthe uterus.