В настоящее время в мире наблюдаетс

В настоящее время в мире наблюдается повышенный интерес к различным видам волокон из горных пород базальтоподобного состава ( под термином "горная порода" понимают основные и ультраосновные горные породы, такие, как базальт, диабаз, андезит, амфиболиты, пироксен, порфирит и т. п., которые образовались в результате затвердевания и кристаллизации магмы (изверженные вулканические горные породы), и представляют собой сложную силикатную систему, содержащую оксиды щелочных и щелочноземельных металлов и характеризуется высоким содержанием оксидов железа (до 16%).
Основными породообразующими минералами горных пород являются полевые шпаты (альбит Na[AlSi3O8], анортит CaAl2Si2O8), пироксены (диопсид CaMg[Si2O6], авгит Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)[(Si, Al)2O6]), иногда Fe3O4 (Барт Т. Теоретическая петрология. М.: Изд. ИЛ, 1956. 414 с.).
Химический состав исследуемых горных пород включает оксиды (мас. %):
SiO2 – (43 – 59), Al2O3 – (11 – 20), ТiО2 – (1 – 2), MgО – (4 – 12), СаО – (7 – 13), (FeO + Fe2O3) – (7 – 16), (Na2О + К2О) – (2 – 4).
Доступность и дешевизна горных пород типа базальтов позволили использовать их для получения волокон и изделий на их основе.
Многочисленные исследования показали, что для переработки в волокна, особенно непрерывные, подходящим является расплав, реологическое поведение (например, вязкость, температурная зависимость вязкости, интервал выработки, энергия активации) и комплекс физико-химических свойств которого, (например, поверхностное натяжение, смачивание) соответствуют определенным параметрам. При этом имеет значение зависимость вязкости от температуры, в пределах которой возможно формирование волокна из расплава.
Из монографии Джигирис Д.Д., Волынский A.K., Козловский П.П. и др. Основы технологии получения базальтовых волокон и их свойства. (В сб. научных трудов: Базальтоволокнистые композиционные материалы и конструкции. - Киев: Наукова думка. - 1980 - С. 54-81) известны штапельные волокна из горных пород, полученные из измельчённой горной породы в плавильной печи, её плавлением, гомогенизацией расплава, последующей стабилизацией расплава в фидере плавильной печи и получением штапельного волокна из расплава, вытекающего из фильеры. Однако, полученные штапельные волокна недостаточно прочные, т.к. в них наблюдаются инородные включения, которые не удаляются из расплава из-за довольно низкого температурного диапазона плавления горной породы.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The world is experiencing renewed interest in different types of fibers from rocks bazal′topodobnogo (the term "Rock" understand the basic and ultramafic rocks such as basalt, diabase, andesite, amphibolites, pyroxene, porphyrite, etc., which formed as a result of solidification and crystallization of magma (eruptive volcanic rocks), and represent a complex silicate system containing alkali and alkali earth metal oxides and is characterized by high content of iron oxides (up to 16%). The main rock rocks minerals are feldspar (albite Na [AlSi3O8], anortit CaAl2Si2O8), pyroxene (diopside CaMg [Si2O6], augite Ca (Mg, Fe, Al) [(Si, Al) 2O6]), sometimes Fe3O4 (Bart t. Theoretical Petrology m.: IZD. IL, 1956.414). The chemical composition of the rocks studied include oxides (MAS.):SiO2-(43-59), Al2O3-(11-20), Tio2-(1-2), MgО to (4-12), Sao-(7-13) (FeO + Fe2O3)-(7-16), (Na2O + K2o)-(2-4). Availability and cheapness of rocks basalt type allowed them to produce fibers and products on their basis. Numerous studies have shown that for processing into fibers, especially continuous, appropriate is melt rheological behavior (for example, viscosity, temperature dependence of viscosity, interval, activation energy) and the physico-chemical properties of which (e.g., surface tension, wetting) correspond to certain parameters. When this value is temperature dependence of viscosity, within which possible formation of fibres from the melt. From the monograph Džigiris D.d., Volyn A.K., Kozlovsky P.p., etc. Basics technology of basalt fibers and their properties. (Sat. scientific works: Basaltfibrous composite materials and structures-Kyiv: Naukova dumka.-1980-54-81) staple fibres are known from rocks obtained from crushed rock in the melting furnace, its melting, homogenization melt, the subsequent stabilization of melt in the furnace and the arrival of the feeder staple fiber from the melt, deriving from a spinneret. However, there is not enough solid staple fibres obtained because they are observed foreign inclusions which are not removed from the melt due to rather low temperature range of melting rock.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Currently, the world has witnessed an increased interest in various types of fibers from rocks bazaltopodobnogo composition (the term "rock" means basic and ultrabasic rocks such as basalt, diabase, andesite, amphibolite, pyroxene, purple and so on. N. which were formed by the solidification and crystallization of magma (igneous volcanic rocks), and is a complex silicate system containing oxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals and is characterized by a high content of iron oxide (16%).
The main rock-forming minerals of rocks are feldspars ( albite Na [AlSi3O8], anorthite CaAl2Si2O8), pyroxene (diopside CaMg [Si2O6], augite Ca (Mg, Fe, Al) [(Si, Al) 2O6]), sometimes Fe3O4 (Bart T. Theoretical petrology. M .: . Wiley, 1956. 414 pp.).
The chemical composition of the investigated rocks include oxides (wt.%):
SiO2 - (43 - 59), Al2O3 - (11 - 20), TiO2 - (1 - 2), MgO - ( 4 - 12), CaO - (7 - 13), (FeO + Fe2O3) - (7 - 16) and (Na2O + K2O) - (2 - 4).
The availability and cheapness of basalt rock type allow to use them for making fibers and products based on them.
Numerous studies have shown that for processing into fiber, particularly continuous, suitably melt rheological behavior (eg, viscosity, temperature dependence of the viscosity, generation interval, the activation energy) and the complex physical and chemical properties (eg , surface tension, wetting) correspond to certain parameters. In this matter the dependence of viscosity on temperature, within which it is possible the formation of the fibers from the melt.
From the monograph Dzhigiris DD, Volyn AK, Kozlovsky PP and others. Basics technology of basalt fibers and their properties. (In Proc. Of scientific works: Basalt composite materials and structures. - Naukova Dumka. - 1980 - 54-81 pp) staple fibers are known from rocks derived from the crushed rock in the melting furnace, its melting, melt homogenization, subsequent stabilization of the melt in the melting furnace feeder and produce staple fibers from the melt, flowing from the spinneret. However, the obtained staple fibers strong enough, because They are observed foreign impurities that are not removed from the melt because of the rather low melting temperature range of the rock.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Currently, in the world there is a high level of interest in the various types of fibers from the mountainous rocks базальтоподобного whole ( the term "rock" understand the basic and Odikhincha rocks, suchAs basalt, "black" archeology, андезит, rocks, пироксен, порфирит, etc. , which have emerged as a result of solidification and crystallization magma (изверженные volcanic rocks),And constitute a complex силикатную system, containing oxides alkaline and alkaline earth metals and is characterized by a high content of iron oxides (up to 16 % ).
The main породообразующими minerals rocks are field special beauty (albite Na[pillar3O8), анортит CаAl2Si2O8), пироксены (диопсид camg[Si2O6), melt Ca(Mg,Fe,Al) (Si, Al)2O6), sometimes Fe3O4 (Bart, etc.. Theoretical petrology. M.: Sage Publications. IL, 1956. 414 With.) .
the chemical composition of the studied rocks and includes oxides (mas. % ) :
SiO2 - (43 - 59), Al2O3 - (11 - 20), ТiО2 - (1 - 2), MgО - (4 - 12), Sao - (7 - 13), (an increased activity of exhaust slag at Fe2O3) - (7 - 16), (Na2O2O) - (2 - 4) .
Availability and cheap rock type share made it possible to use them to obtain fibers and products based on them.
Many studies have shown that, for processing into the fibers,Especially continuous, appropriate is a hot-melt glue, реологическое behavior (for example, viscosity, thermal dependence viscosity, the interval a,Energy activation) and a complex physico-chemical properties which, (for example, surface tension, wetting) are consistent with certain parameters. If this is the value of the temperature dependent viscosity,The range within which it is possible to melt the fibers.
From The monographs Джигирис D.d., by Artis E. T. , Kozlowski P. P. and others. Basis technology to obtain basalt fibers and their properties. (In the UN Security Council. scientific works:Базальтоволокнистые composite materials and structures. - Kiev: Наукова regulation. - 1980 - with. 54-81) are known штапельные fibers from rocks, received from chopped rock in the melting furnace, its melting,Гомогенизациеи melt, the follow-up stabilization in фидере melt melting furnace and obtaining " Урса Eurasia " fibers from the melt, arising from the food-processing equipment. However,Received штапельные fibers is not enough strong, because they are foreign engagement, which will not be removed from the melt from the relatively low melting temperature range mountain.