Название для автомобилей, способных

Название для автомобилей, способных передвигаться по дорогам общего пользования без водителя, устоялось далеко не во всех языках. Достаточно взглянуть на статью английской Википедии, чтобы увидеть, как много вариантов сейчас имеется в английском языке. Терминологическая путаница — совершенно нормальное явление на данном этапе, ведь объект спора ещё не стал частью нашего быта. Какое-то название со временем должно вытеснить остальные, и вовсе не обязательно победителем окажется одно из перечисленных. Вполне может быть, что за автономными машинами в английском закрепится короткое и ёмкое слово robocar.
Что бы заменить водителя, требуется сделать две вещи. Машину нужно научить, во-первых, прокладывать маршрут, а во-вторых, успешно передвигаться по дорогам, в том числе в окружении других транспортных средств. Первой задачей всерьёз занялись относительно недавно, с появлением спутниковой навигации и электронных карт местности, и справились с её решением довольно быстро. А вот вторую решают уже много десятилетий, и до сих пор трудно сказать, позволяет ли нынешний уровень развития технологий выпускать полностью автономные машины на улицы.
Какой функциональностью должны обладать системы, отвечающие за автономное передвижение, и когда эти системы впервые появлялись на автомобилях? Прежде всего, автомобиль должен уметь набирать и сбрасывать скорость, а также поворачивать. Не стоит забывать и о задаче автоматического переключения передач, каким бы очевидным ни казалось нам сейчас её решение.
Помимо «рук» и «ног» робомобилю нужны «глаза» — камеры, позволяющие «видеть» дорогу, отмечать её границы, а также отдельные полосы движения, «читать» дорожные знаки и распознавать сигналы светофоров. С ними машина способна двигаться по пустой трассе. Для ориентирования в потоке тоже нужно зрение, но иное: расстояние до других машин лучше определять с помощью радаров и лидаров. Важно также собирать информацию о скорости движения автомобиля, угловой скорости вращения колёс, давлении в шинах, наличии осадков. И конечно, все системы должны быть подключены к компьютеру, который будет анализировать поступающую информацию и управлять движением. Он же отвечает за распознавание образов на изображениях, поступающих от камер.
Узнавание объектов и принятие решений — те самые проблемы, которые пока удерживают автомобили-роботы на полигонах. Прототипы, способные уверенно ездить по дорогам, существуют достаточно давно. Но прежде чем выпускать машины без водителей на улицы, нужно убедиться, что даже в самых сложных ситуациях управляемый компьютером автомобиль обеспечит не меньшую безопасность, чем живой человек. Все остальные технические задачи уже решены.
Автономные машины в наше время стали намного умнее и куда более уверенно принимают верные решения в сложных ситуациях.
Полностью автономные машины набивают шишки на полигонах, а на серийных автомобилях появляются всё более изощрённые электронные системы, упрощающие работу водителя и перекладывающие её на свои плечи.
Относительно недавно машины научились смотреть не только вперёд, но и по сторонам. Помощь водителю не сводится к оперативному управлению автомобилем: разгону, торможению, удержанию на полосе, перестроениям и парковке. Электроника взяла на себя и более глобальную задачу — составление маршрута, и сейчас спутниковая навигация в машинах кажется абсолютно привычным делом.
В настоящее время работу над машинами, способными ездить самостоятельно, ведут десятки автомобильных компаний, от признанных мировых лидеров до таких заводов, как ГАЗ и КамАЗ. К ним спешат присоединиться монстры IT-индустрии, желающие передела рынка.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Car title, are able to walk on public roads without a driver, thought not in all languages. Just look at the English Wikipedia article, to see how many choices now available in English. Terminological confusion is quite normal at this stage, because the object of the dispute has not became part of our everyday life. Some name should over time displace others, and not necessarily the winner turns out to be one of the following. It may well be that for stand-alone machines in English fixate short and capacious Word robocar.That would replace a driver, you want to do two things. Machine you want to teach, firstly, route, and secondly, to successfully move on roads including surrounded by other vehicles. The first task in earnest started relatively recently, with the advent of satellite navigation and electronic maps, and coped with her decision rather quickly. And here's the second solve for decades, and still it is difficult to say whether the current level of technology development to produce a fully autonomous machines on the streets.What functionality should have the system responsible for the autonomous movement, and when these systems first appeared in cars? First of all, the car must be able to recruit and reset the speed as well as rotate. And don't forget about the task of automatic gear shift, no matter how obvious it may seem to us now the solution.In addition to the "hands" and "feet" robomobilû need "eyes" — cameras that allow you to "see" the road to mark its boundaries, as well as individual lanes, read road signs and recognize traffic lights. With them the machine can move on an empty road. For orientation in the stream too need vision but otherwise: distance to other machines better identify radar and LiDAR. It is also important to gather information on vehicle speed, the angular velocity of the rotation of the wheels, tyre pressure, the presence of precipitation. And of course, all systems must be connected to a computer, which will analyze the information and control the movement. He is responsible for pattern recognition in images coming from cameras.Object recognition and decision-making — the same issues that have kept cars-robots at the test sites. Prototypes capable of surely ride on the roads, there are long enough. But before releasing cars without drivers on the streets, be sure that, even in the most difficult situations a computer controlled car will provide not less secure than live people. All other technical problems have been solved. Autonomous cars nowadays have become much smarter and much more confidently make the right decisions in difficult situations. Fully autonomous machines fill the cones at the test sites and the mass-produced cars appear more sophisticated electronic systems that facilitate the work of the driver and the perekladyvaûŝie it on their shoulders. Relatively new machine have learned to watch not only forward, but also on the sides. Driver assistance is not confined to the management of the car: acceleration, braking, retention, perestroeniâm lane and parking. Electronics and assumed a more global task-planner, and now satellite navigation in cars it seems absolutely commonplace. Currently working on machines, able to ride alone, are dozens of car companies, from world leaders such as gas plants and KAMAZ. To them in a hurry to join the monsters IT industry wishing to market redistribution.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Title for cars capable of travel on public roads without a driver, settled not in all languages. Just look at the English Wikipedia article to see how many options are now available in English. Terminological confusion - quite normal at this stage, because the object of the dispute has not yet become part of our everyday life. For a title with time should supersede the others, and not necessarily the winner will be one of the following. It may well be that in the stand-alone machines in the English entrenched short and capacious word robocar.
To replace a driver, you want to do two things. The machine must be taught, first, a route, and secondly, to successfully move on roads, including surrounded by other vehicles. The first task to engage seriously relatively recently, with the advent of satellite navigation and electronic maps, and to cope with its decision fairly quickly. And here is the second decisive for many decades, and is still difficult to say as to whether the current level of technology development to produce a fully autonomous cars on the street.
What functionality must have a system in charge of autonomous movement, and when these systems first appeared on the cars? First of all, the car should be able to recruit and slow down and turn. Do not forget about the problem of automatic gear, no matter how obvious it may seem to us now its solution.
In addition to the "hands" and "feet" robomobilyu need "eyes" - the camera allows you to "see" the road to mark its borders, as well as the individual strips movement, "read" traffic signs and traffic lights to recognize. With them, the machine is able to move on an empty track. For orientation in the flow also need vision, but different: the distance to other cars is best determined using radar and lidar. It is also important to gather information about vehicle speed, angular speed of rotation of wheels, tire pressure, the presence of precipitation. And of course, all systems must be connected to the computer, which will analyze incoming information and control the movement. He is responsible for the pattern recognition in images coming from the cameras.
Learning facilities and decision-making - the same problems that still hold cars robots in landfills. Prototypes can confidently ride on the roads, there are quite a long time. But before you rush out the car without driver on the street, you need to make sure that even in the most difficult situations, computer-controlled car will provide no less security than a living person. All other technical problems have been solved.
Stand-alone machines nowadays have become much smarter and much more confidently make the right decisions in difficult situations.
The fully autonomous machines stuffed bumps at the sites, and on production cars appear more and more sophisticated electronic systems that facilitate the work of the driver and shifted it on their shoulders.
More recently, machines have learned to look not only forward, but also on the sides. Help the driver is not limited to the operational management of the car: acceleration, braking, retention on the strip, remodeled and parking. Electronics claimed more global task - drawing up the route, and now satellite navigation in cars seems to be absolutely commonplace.
At present, work on machines able to travel on their own, are dozens of car companies from the world leading up to such plants as gas and KamAZ. These monsters are rushing to join the IT-industry wishing to redistribution of the market.

Результаты (английский) 3:

name for a vehicle capable of travel on public roads without a driver, confused not in all languages. just look at the article in the english wikipedia, to seehow many options are available in the english language. terminology confusion is completely normal at this stage, but the dispute is still not become a part of our everyday life.what's the name, must put the others, and not necessarily the winner will be one of the listed. it may very well bewhat kind of autonomous machines in english would be short and ёмкое word robocar.
to replace the driver needs to do two things. the car need to teach, first of all, the guide route, and secondly,to successfully move on roads, including surrounded by other vehicles. the first task seriously made relatively recently, with the introduction of satellite based navigation and electronic map areaand did her decision quickly. and here's the second address for many decades, and still it's hard to say whether the current level of technology to produce fully autonomous cars on the street. "what functionality should have a system responsible for the autonomous movement, and when the system first appeared on cars? first of all, the car should be able to gather and write speedas well as the turn. don't forget the task of automatic gearshift as evident as we now seemed to her decision.
in addition to the "hands" and "ног» робомобилю need" as the cameras."the road to hell out with her boundaries and lanes, and then detect the signals of traffic signs and traffic lights. they can move to an empty car track.