BBC News Online Навязчивые явления

BBC News Online

Навязчивые явления известны давно. С IV века до н. э. навязчивые мысли входили в структуру меланхолии. Так, в её комплекс по Гиппократу входили:
«Страхи и уныние, существующие продолжительное время».
В Средневековье таких людей считали одержимыми.
Первое клиническое описание расстройства принадлежит Феликсy Платерy (1614 год). В Англии XVII века навязчивые состояния также причисляли к «религиозной меланхолии», однако, наоборот, считали, что происходят они из-за чрезмерного посвящения себя Богу.
В XIX веке впервые широко распространился термин «невроз», к которому и причисли навязчивые мысли. Обсессии стали дифференцировать от бреда, а компульсии — от импульсивных действий. Влиятельные психиатры дискутировали, относить ли ОКР к расстройству эмоций, воли или интеллекта.
В 1827 году Жан-Этьен Доминик Эскироль описал одну из форм невроза навязчивых состояний — «болезнь сомнений». Он колебался между классификацией её как расстройства интеллекта и воли.
И. М. Балинский в 1858 году отметил, что у всех навязчивостей есть общая черта — чуждость сознанию, и предложил термин «навязчивое состояние».
В последней четверти XIX века неврастения включала в себя огромный список разных болезней, в том числе и ОКР, который всё ещё не считался отдельным заболеванием. В 1905 году Пьер Мария Феликс Жане выделил этот невроз из неврастении как отдельное заболевание и назвал его психастенией. Термин «психастения» стал широко применяться в российской и французской науке, в то время как в немецкой и английской использовался термин «невроз навязчивых состояний». В США его стали называть обсессивно-компульсивным неврозом. Разница здесь не только в терминологии. В отечественной психиатрии под неврозом навязчивых состояний понимают не только обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство, но и фобические тревожные расстройства. П. Жане и другие авторы рассматривали ОКР как заболевание, причиной которого являются врождённые особенности нервной системы. В начале 1910-х Зигмунд Фрейд относил обсессивно-компульсивное поведение к бессознательным конфликтам, которые проявляются в виде симптомов. Многие учёные относили его к психопатиям, а некоторые другие — к эндогенным психозам типа шизофрении, но на данный момент его относят именно к неврозам.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Bbc News Online Obsessive compulsive phenomenon have long been known. From the 4th century BC, the obsessive thoughts were included in the structure of melancholy. Thus, in its complex They were:"Fear and despondency, existing for a long time."In medieval times such people believed obsessed.The first clinical description of disorder belongs to Feliksy Platery (1614). In 17th century England, obsessive also declared to "religious melancholy, but, on the contrary, believed that occurs due to excessive dedication to God.In the 19th century for the first time widely spread term "neurosis" and reckoned himself obsessive thoughts. Obsession with became differentiating from Breda and compulsions — from impulsive actions. Influential psychiatrists have debated, whether classified OCD to disorder of emotion will or intelligence.In the year 1827, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol described a form of neurosis restlessness — disease of doubt. " He hesitated between classification as a disorder of intellect and will.And m. Balinskij in 1858 year noted that all obsessions have in common is alienation of consciousness, and suggested that the term "persistent state".In the last quarter of the 19th century neurasthenia included a huge list of different illnesses, including OCD, which is still regarded as a separate illness. In 1905 year Pierre Maria Felix Jean singled out this neurosis of neurasthenia as a separate disease and named it psihasteniej. The term psychasthenia "became widely used in the Russian and French science, while in German and English used the term" neurosis "restlessness. In the United States it became known as obsessive compulsive neurosis. The difference here is not only in terminology. In domestic Psychiatry under neurosis restlessness not only understand obsessive-compulsive disorder, but also phobic anxiety disorders. P. Janet and other authors considered OCD as a disease caused by innate features of the nervous system. In the early 1910 's Sigmund Freud attributed obsessive-compulsive behavior to unconscious conflicts that manifest as symptoms. Many scholars have attributed it to psihopatiâm, and some others to the endogenous psihozam type of schizophrenia, but at the moment it is precisely to neuroses.

Результаты (английский) 2:

BBC News Online Obsessive phenomena have long been known. With the IV century BC. e. obsessive thoughts were in the structure of melancholy. So, in her complex consisted of Hippocrates: "The fear and discouragement that exist for a long time." In the Middle Ages people believed such an obsession. The first clinical description of the disorder belongs Feliksy Platery (1614). In England XVII century obsessions also ranked as a "religious melancholy", but, on the contrary, they believed that they occur due to excessive devotion to God. In the XIX century the first widespread term "neurosis", which classify and obsessive thoughts. Obsessions become differentiated from delirium and compulsions - from impulsive actions. The influential psychiatrists discussed, whether the ROC to the disorder of emotion, will or intelligence. In 1827 Jean Etienne Dominique Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol described a form of obsessional neurosis - "the disease of doubt." He hesitated between the classification of it as a disorder of intellect and will. I. M. Balinskii in 1858 noted that all obsessions have in common - the strangeness of consciousness, and coined the term "obsession". In the last quarter of the XIX century neurasthenia included a long list of various diseases, including OCD, which is still He was not considered a separate disease. In 1905, Maria Felix Jean Pierre singled this neurosis from neurasthenia as a separate disease and named it psychasthenia. The term "psychasthenia" became widely used in the Russian and French science, while the German and the British used the term "obsessive-compulsive disorder." In the US, it became known as obsessive-compulsive neurosis. The difference here is not only a consistent terminology. In domestic psychiatry under the obsessional neurosis is understood not only obsessive-compulsive disorder, and phobic anxiety disorders. P. Janet and other authors considered the ROC as a disease caused by an inherent characteristics of the nervous system. In the early 1910s, Sigmund Freud attributed obsessive-compulsive behavior to unconscious conflicts that manifest themselves as symptoms. Many scholars attribute it to a psychopath, and some others - to endogenous psychoses such as schizophrenia, but at the moment it is referred to neuroses.

Результаты (английский) 3:

bbc news online

obsessive phenomena known for a long time. from the 4th century bc. uh. obsessive thoughts included in structure of melancholy. so, in her compound гиппократу included:
"fears and sadness, the long time.in the middle ages people have possessed.
the first clinical description of the disorder is феликсy платерy (1614). in england, the seventeenth century obsessions also from the religious меланхолии», however.on the contrary, thought originating from excessive dedication to god. "the first is widely spread in the nineteenth century, the term" невроз» to which join the obsessive thoughts. обсессии were differentiated from bradand компульсии from an impulsive action. influential psychiatrists deliberated whether to ocd to the frustration of emotion, the will or intelligence.in 1827, jean dominique эскироль described one of the forms of neuroses could be "disease сомнений». he hesitated between classification as a disorder of intelligence and will.
and. m. балинский in 1858 notedthat's all навязчивостей have one thing in common - чуждость consciousness, and proposed the term "condition" of an intrusive.
in the last quarter of the 19th century neurasthenia included list of different diseases, including ocdthat's still not considered a separate disease. in 1905, pierre jean maria felix has the neurosis of neurasthenia as a separate disease and called him психастенией.the term "психастения» became widely used in the russian and french science, while in german and english used the term" neurosis obsessive состояний».in the us, it has been called the near obsessive-compulsive neurosis. the difference is not only the terminology.in the world of psychiatry in neurosis could be understood not only the obsessive compulsive disorder and phobic anxiety disorders. p.