Unit 1Упражнение 1What is a compute

Unit 1
Упражнение 1
What is a computer?
Что такое компьютер?
Компьютер – это машина со сложной сетью электронных схем, которые управляют переключателями или намагничивают крошечные металлические сердечники. Переключатели, как и сердечники, могут находиться в одном из двух возможных состояний, включённом или выключенном; намагниченном или размагниченном. Машина может хранить и манипулировать числами, буквами и символами. Основная идея компьютера заключается в том, что мы можем заставить машину делать то, что мы хотим, вводя сигналы, которые включают определённые переключатели и выключают другие, или которые намагничивают или не намагничивают сердечники.
Основная задача компьютеров – это обработка информации. Программа, или её часть, которая говорит компьютеру что делать, и данные, которые предоставляют информацию, нужную для решения задачи, хранятся внутри компьютера, в месте под названием память.
Компьютер, имеет три основные возможности. Во-первых, у компьютеров есть схемы для выполнения арифметических операций, таких как: сложение, вычитание, деление, умножение и возведение в степень. Во-вторых, у компьютеров есть средства общения с пользователем. Однако определённые компьютеры используются для управления напрямую такими вещами, как роботы, навигационные системы летательных аппаратов, медицинские инструменты и так далее.
Некоторые из наиболее распространённых методов ввода информации – это использование перфокарт, магнитных лент, дисков и терминалов. Устройство ввода компьютера (которыми могут быть устройство считывания с перфокарт, устройство считывания с магнитных лент (магнитофон), или устройство считывания с магнитных дисков, зависит от способа ввода информации) считывает информацию в компьютер.

Для вывода информации используют два распространённых устройства: принтер, или монитор.
В-третьих, у компьютеров есть схемы, которые могут принимать решения. К сожалению, компьютер может решить только три вещи, Одно число меньше другого? Равны ли два числа? и Одно число больше другого?
Компьютер может решить ряд задач. Компьютер может заменить человека в скучных, задачах, но у него нет оригинальности; он работает согласно инструкциям, вложенным в него.
Unit 2
Упражнение 2
History of computers.
История компьютеров.
Давайте заглянем в историю компьютеров, которые мы знаем сегодня. Самое первое используемое вычислительное устройство – это десять пальцев рук человека. Вот поэтому сегодня мы всё ещё считаем десятками и числами, кратными десяти.
Первая настоящая вычислительная машина появилась в 1820 году в результате экспериментов группы людей. Этот тип машины, экономивший огромное количество времени и уменьшавший вероятность ошибок, состоял из ряда десятизубчатых шестерёнок. В 1830 году Чарльз Бэббидж, англичанин, разработал машину, которую назвал «Аналитическая машина.
В 1930 году первый аналоговый компьютер был изобретён американцем Вэниваром Бушем. Это устройство использовалось во Второй Мировой войне для прицеливания орудий. Марк Первый, имя, данное первому цифровому компьютеру, был закончен в 1944 году. Люди, причастные к этому изобретению, это профессор Говард Эйкен и некоторые сотрудники из Ай-Би-Эм. Это была первая машина, которая могла вычислять длинные списки математических задач на высокой скорости. В 1946 году два инженера в Университете штата Пенсильвания, Джей Эккерт и Джей Мокли, изобрели первый цифровой компьютер, использующий компоненты, называющиеся электронные лампы. Они назвали своё новое изобретение ЭНИАК.
Первое поколение компьютеров, которые использовали электронные лампы, пришлось на 1950 год. Юнивак Первый – пример таких компьютеров, которые могут производить тысячи вычислений в секунду. В 1960 году появилось второе поколение компьютеров, которые могли производить вычисления в десятки раз быстрее, чем их предшественники. Причиной такой дополнительной скорости было использование транзисторов вместо электронных ламп. Компьютеры второго поколения были меньше, быстрее и надёжнее компьютеров первого поколения. Компьютеры третьего поколения появились на рынке в 1965 году. Эти компьютеры могли совершать миллион операций в секунду, что превышало в 1000 раз больше, чем компьютеры первого поколения. В отличие от компьютеров второго поколения, эти управлялись крошечными интегральными схемами, были значительно меньше и более надёжны. Это всё благодаря микроминиатюризации, в том смысле, что схемы значительно меньше, чем раньше; не менее тысячи крошечных схем теперь помещаются на одном чипе. Чип – это квадратный или прямоугольный кусок кремния, обычно размером от 1/10 до 1/4 дюйма, на которых гравируют или отпечатывают несколько слоёв интегральных схем, после чего схема заключается в пластмассу, керамику или металл. Компьютеры четвёртого поколения в 50 раз быстрее компьютеров третьего поколения и могут выполнять около 1000000 операций в секунду.
По оценкам компьютерная технология растёт, сегодняшние компьютеры могут устареть к 1988 году, а к 1990 году уже наверняка. Стоит сказать, что если бы транспортная технология развивалась столь же стремительно, как и компьютерная, то путешествие через Атлантический океан сегодня занимало бы лишь несколько секунд.
Unit 3
Упражнение 3
Characteristics.
Характеристики.
Компьютеры – это машины, разработанные для обработки, при помощи электронных устройств, специально подготовленных блоков информации, которые зовутся данными. Обращение или управление информацией, данной компьютеру, например, выполнение вычислений, добавление информации или произвести срав

Результаты (английский) 1:

Unit 1Exercise 1What is a computer?What is a computer?A computer is a machine with a complex network of electronic circuits that control the switches or the part is tiny metal cores. Switches, as cores, can be in one of two possible States, switched on or off; namagničennom or demagnetized. The machine can store and manipulate numbers, letters and symbols. The basic idea of the computer is that we can make the machine do what we want, inputting signals, which include certain switches and switch off the other, or that part or the part is not the cores.The main task of computers is the processing of information. Program, or part of it, which tells the computer what to do, and data that provide information needed to meet the challenge, are stored inside the computer, at a place called memory.The computer has three main features. First, computers are the scheme to perform arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, Division, multiplication, and exponentiation. Secondly, the computers have a means of communication with the user. However, some computers are used to manage directly, such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical equipment and so on.Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use punched cards, magnetic tapes, disks, and terminals. Computer input device (which may be a punched card reader, reader of magnetic tapes (tape recorder), or reader of magnetic disks, depends on how you enter information) reads the information into the computer. To display information using two common device: printer, or monitor.Thirdly, the computers have a scheme that can make decisions. Unfortunately, the computer can solve only three things, one number less than the other? Whether the two numbers? and one number is greater than the other?The computer can solve a number of problems. A computer can replace a human in a boring task, but he has no originality; It works according to the instructions attached to it.Unit 2Exercise 2History of computers.The history of computers.Let's look at the history of computers, which we know today. The first used a computer device is ten fingers man. That is why today we still believe scores and numbers that are multiples of 10. The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820, as a result of the experiments, a group of people. This type of machine, èkonomivšij a huge amount of time and umen′šavšij the possibility of errors, consists of a series of desâtizubčatyh gears. In 1830, Charles Babbage, an Englishman, has developed a machine called the analytical engine.In 1930, the first analog computer was invented by an American Vènivarom Bush. This device was used in the second world war for aiming guns. Mark the first name given to the first digital computer, was completed in 1944 year. People involved in this invention, it is Professor Howard Aiken and some staff from IBM. It was the first machine that could calculate the long lists of mathematical problems at high speed. In 1946, two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, Eckert and Mauchly Jay Jay, invented the first digital computer that uses components called electronic lamps. They named their new invention of ENIAC. The first generation of computers that used electronic lamps, the year 1950. Ûnivak the first example of such computers that can perform thousands of calculations per second. In 1960, a second generation of computers that could calculate dozens of times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this extra speed was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The second generation of computers were smaller, faster and more reliable than the first generation computers. Third-generation computers came on the market in the year 1965. These computers can make million, which exceeded the 1000 times greater than first generation computers. Unlike second-generation computers, these were tiny integrated circuits were much smaller and more reliable. This is all thanks to mikrominiatûrizacii, in the sense that the schema is considerably less than before; at least a thousand tiny circuits now fit on a single chip. Chip is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, typically ranging in size from 1/10 to 1/4 inch to engrave or imprint several layers of integrated circuits, the circuit is in plastic, ceramic or metal. Fourth-generation computers in 50 times faster third-generation computers and can perform about 1000000 operations per second. According to computer technology is growing, today's computers may be up to 1988, and in 1990 was already certain. It is said that if transport technology has developed so rapidly, like a computer, the journey across the Atlantic Ocean today would take only a few seconds. Unit 3Exercise 3Characteristics.Characteristics.Computers are machines designed for processing by electronic devices, specially trained units of information which are called data. Treatment or management of information, the computer, for example, perform calculations, adding information or to make a comparison

Результаты (английский) 2:

Unit 1
Activity 1
What is a computer?
What is a computer?
The computer - a machine with a complex network of electronic circuits that control switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. Switches, like the cores can be in one of two possible states, switched on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine can store and manipulate numbers, letters and symbols. The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want input signals that include certain other switches on and off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
The main objective of computers - is the processing of information. Program, or part of it, which tells the computer what to do, and data that provide the information needed to solve the problem, stored inside the computer, in a place called memory.
The computer has three main features. First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communication with the user. However, certain computers are used to control directly things such as robots, navigation systems of aircraft, medical instruments and so on.
Some of the most common methods of data entry - is the use of punched cards, magnetic tapes, disks, and terminals. The input device of the computer (which can be a punched card reader, a reader of magnetic tape (tape), or a reader of magnetic disks, the method depends on the input data) reads the information in the computer. To use the information output apparatus are two common printer, or monitor. Third, computers have circuits that can take decisions. Unfortunately, the computer can solve only three things, one number less than another? Whether two numbers are equal? and one number greater than another? The computer can solve a number of problems. A computer can replace a human in boring tasks, but it has no originality; it works according to the instructions attached to it. Unit 2 Exercise 2 History of computers. The history of computers. Let's look at the history of computers as we know them today. The very first used by the computing device - a ten human fingers. That's why today we still believe in tens and multiples of ten. The first real computer appeared in 1820 as a result of experiments, groups of people. This type of machine, saving a lot of time and reduces the likelihood of errors, consisted of a series of gears desyatizubchatyh. In 1830, Charles Babbage, an Englishman, has developed a car, which he called "Analytical Engine. In 1930, the first analog computer was invented by an American Venivarom Bush. This device was used in World War II for aiming guns. Mark First, the name given to the first digital computer, was completed in 1944. People involved in this invention is Professor Howard Aiken and some employees of the Ai-Bi-Em. It was the first machine that could calculate the long lists of mathematical problems at high speed. In 1946, two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Eckert and Mauchly Jay, invented the first digital computer, using a component called vacuum tubes. They named their new invention ENIAC. The first generation of computers, which used vacuum tubes, had in 1950. Yunivak first - an example of such computers that can perform thousands of calculations per second. In 1960, the second generation of computers that can perform calculations dozens of times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this extra speed was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster and more reliable computers of the first generation. Computers third generation came on the market in 1965. These computers can perform millions of instructions per second, which is greater than 1000 times greater than the first-generation computers. Unlike second generation computers, these controlled tiny integrated circuits were considerably smaller and more reliable. This is all thanks to the miniaturization in the sense that the circuit is considerably less than before; at least a thousand tiny circuits now fit on a single chip. Chip - a square or rectangular piece of silicon, typically ranging from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, which is printed or engraved multiple layers of integrated circuits, after which the circuit is plastic, ceramic or metal. Fourth generation computers 50 times faster computers of the third generation and can carry about one million operations per second. According to computer technology is growing, today's computers may become obsolete by 1988, and by 1990 had already certain. It should say that if transport technology developed as rapidly as computer, the journey across the Atlantic Ocean today would occupy only a few seconds. Unit 3 Exercise 3 Characteristics. Characteristics. Computers - are machines designed for processing by means of electronic devices specially prepared pieces of information that are called data. Treatment or management of information, this computer, for example, perform calculations, add information or make a comparison

Результаты (английский) 3:

Unit 1
Activity 1
what is a computer?
what is a computer?
The Computer - this is the machine with a complex network electronic circuits, which are controlled by switches or намагничивают tiny metal cores. Switches,As cores, can be in one of two possible states, on or off; on magnetic end. or размагниченном. The machine can store and manipulate numbers, letters and symbols.The basic idea computer is that we can make machine to do what we want, by entering your signals, which include certain switches and shut down other,Or that намагничивают or not намагничивают cores.
the main task computers - this is information processing. The program, or part of it, which said a computer what to do, and the dataTo provide the information, the desired for the task, are stored inside of the computer, in a place called memory.
the computer, has three key features. In the first place,The computers have a scheme for arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, and exponentiation. Secondly, the computers there is a means of communication with the user.However, certain computers are used to control directly with things, such as robots, navigation systems aircraft, medical tools and so on.
Some of the most common methods of entering information is to use IBM, magnetic tapes, disks, and terminal services.Input device your computer (which can be the reader with IBM, the reader with magnetic tapes (tape recorder), or the reader with magnetic disks,Depends on the input method information) reads the information in the computer. O Lord for information use two common device: the printer, or the monitor.
in the third, the computers there is a scheme,Who can take decisions. Unfortunately, the computer can solve only three things, one number is less than another? If the two numbers are equal? And one number greater than another?
the computer can solve a number of tasks.The computer can replace the human in Kramnik, tasks, but he had no originality; it works according to the instructions, attached to it.
unit 2
Activity 2
history of computers.
History computers.
Let's have a look at history computers, which we know it today. The very first used computing device is a ten finger rights. It is for this reason that today we still believe tens and numbers,In multiples ten.
First this computing machine appeared in 1820, as a result experiments group of people. This machine type, экономившии an enormous amount of time and the possibility of error уменьшавшии,consisted of a number of десятизубчатых pinion gears. In 1830, Charles Бэббидж, an Englishman, has developed a machine, which he has called "Analytical machine.
In 1930, the first analog computer was invented American Вэниваром Bush. This device was used during the Second World War to aim guns. Mark the first name, the first digital computer,It was completed in 1944. People involved in this invention, this is professor Howard Aiken and some staff from the IBM. This was the first machine,Which could calculate long lists mathematical tasks at high speed. In 1946, two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, Jay Эккерт and Jay Moakley, invented the first digital computer,Using components, electronic light. They called their new invention ЭНИАК.
The first generation computers, which use electronic light, have had on the 1950 year.Юнивак The first is an example of such computers, which can produce thousands of calculations per second. In 1960, second generation computers, which can perform calculations in dozens of times faster,than their predecessors. The cause of the additional speed was the use transistors instead of electronic lights. The second-generation computers were less, faster, and more reliable than the first-generation computers.The third-generation computers were introduced to the market in 1965. These computers could commit a million operations per second, that exceed the 1000 times more, than the first-generation computers.In contrast to the second-generation computers, these were administered with tiny integral schemes, have been much less and more reliable. This is all thanks to микроминиатюризации, in the senseThat scheme was considerably less than in the past; not less than thousands of tiny schemes can now be placed on a single chip. Chip is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually sizes from 1/10 to 1/4 inch,The recent years or отпечатывают several layers of integrated circuits, after which diagram is in plastics, ceramics or metal.Fourth generation computers in 50 times faster third-generation computers and can do about 1000000 operations per second.
It is estimated that computer technology is growing,Today's computers may become obsolete by 1988, and by 1990, already. It is worth mentioning that if transport technology has evolved so rapidly, as well as a computer,The journey across the Atlantic ocean today would have been only a few seconds.
Unit 3
Activity 3
characteristics.
characteristics.
Computers - this machine, designed for processing, using electronic devices,A specially prepared pieces of information, which are responsible for kids data. Treatment or information management, this computer, for example, performing calculations, adding information or make a comparative