Под методом защиты понимаю комплекс

Под методом защиты понимаю комплекс технологических, технических мероприятий, направленных на снижение или полное исключение загрязнения биосферы.

Все методы делятся:

Активное – непосредственно воздействуют на источники загрязнения.
Пассивные – носят защитный характер, эти методы не связаны с источником загрязнения, это методы борьбы с образовавшимся загрязнением.
Технические методы делятся:
Прямые методы позволяют оценить массу, объем, концентрацию и уровень загрязнений непосредственно в источниках их образования.
Косвенные методы позволяют свести к минимуму или исключить образование вредных веществ в последующих экологических ситуациях.

Направления этих методов:

Замена токсических отходов нетоксическими.
Замена неутилизируемых отходов утилизируемыми.
Пути создания малоотходных технологий.
Пути создания малоотходных технологий:

Создание компактных систем, позволяющих максимально использовать все ингредиенты сырья и обеспечивающий ПДК выбросов в атмосферу и гидросферу.
Создание схем с полным кругооборотом воды, позволяющей сократить потребность предприятия в чистой природной воде.
Создание энерготехнологических схем с утилизацией тепла, в результате которых некоторые предприятия превращаются в энергопроизводителей.
Выбор технологических режимов, обеспечивающ. Выбор продукции, которую можно использовать в более длительный срок.
Пассивные методы, направленные на уменьшение концентрации и уровней загрязнения на пути их распространения в биосферу. К пассивным методам относятся организационно-технологические предприятия:
Рациональное размещение источников загрязнения.
Локализация источников загрязнения.
Очистка выбросов в биосферу.
Рациональное размещение источников загрязнения реализуется следующим образом:

Оптимальным выбором места под строительство промышленных объектов.
Рациональное размещение производств на территории предприятия.
Устройство высоких труб в целях рассеивания вредных веществ в атмосферу.
Установление границ санитарно-защитных зон.
Источники загрязнения размещают на землях, непригодных для использования с/х с учетом преимущества ветра или розы ветров и возможные возникновения инверсий.
Место для выпуска сточных вод может быть расположено ниже по течению реки ниже жилой зоны, с учетом обратного течения при напорных ветрах.
Устройство высокой трубы – вынужденное мероприятие, которое позволяет снизить загрязнение вблизи предприятия (локально), но загрязняющие вещества, но загрязняющие вещества аккумулируются в атмосфере, переносятся на более длинные расстояния, и в итоге попадают в приземный слой.
Локализация источника загрязнения включает изоляцию и локализацию и герметизацию источника материальных загрязнений, экранирование и поглощение энергетических загрязнений, захоронение отходов производства.

Технические методы:

выбор экологически чистого материала для изготовления оборудования, приборов и т. д.;
Использование оборудования, работающего на экологически чистых видах энергии;
Очистка выбросов и сбросов.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Under the method of protecting understand complex technological, technical measures aimed at the reduction or total elimination of pollution of the biosphere.All the methods are divided into:Active, directly affect the sources of pollution.Passive-are protective in nature, these methods are not associated with a source of pollution, it's methods of dealing with their pollution.Techniques are divided into:Direct methods measure mass, volume, concentration, and level of pollution directly at source.Indirect methods to minimize or eliminate the formation of harmful substances in the subsequent environmental situations.The direction of these methods:Replacement of toxic waste netoksičeskimi.Replacement of rejected waste utiliziruemymi.Ways of creating low-waste technologies.Ways of creating low-waste technologies:Create compact systems that maximize the use of all ingredients raw and MPC emissions into the atmosphere and hydrosphere.Creating diagrams with full water is naturally convection, allowing to reduce the need for enterprises in a pure natural water.Creating energy schemes with heat recovery, resulting in some enterprises are transformed into energy producers.Choice of technological regimes, providing. Choice of products, which can be used for a longer period of time.Passive methods aimed at reducing the concentration and pollution levels in the way of their distribution in the biosphere. Passive methods include organizational and technological enterprises:Rational placing of pollution sources.Localization of pollution sources.Purification of emissions into the biosphere.Rational placing of pollution sources is implemented as follows:Best choice for construction of industrial objects.Rational accommodation industries in the territory of the enterprise.Device high pipes to the dispersion of harmful substances into the atmosphere.The delineation of the sanitary-protection zones.Sources of pollution on land unsuitable for agricultural use, taking into account the advantages of wind or rose and the possible occurrence of inversions.Place for release of wastewater can be located downstream the River below a residential zone, taking into account the backflow pressure with winds.Device high pipes-stimulated activity, which reduces pollution near enterprise (locally), but contaminants, but contaminants accumulate in the atmosphere, are transferred to the longer distances, and ultimately fall into the surface layer.Localization of the source of pollution includes isolation and localization, and sealing material source contamination, shielding and absorption of energy pollution, dumping of waste production.Techniques:selection of environmentally friendly materials for manufacturing equipment, instruments, etc.;Use of equipment operating on cleaner forms of energy;Cleaning of emissions and discharges.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Under the method of protection refers to a set of technological, technical measures aimed at reduction or elimination of pollution of the biosphere. All methods are divided into: active - directly affect the sources of contamination. Passive - are protective in nature, these methods are not connected to a source of pollution, it is the methods of combating formed pollution. Techniques are divided into: Direct methods allow to estimate the mass, volume, concentration, and the level of pollution directly at source. Indirect methods minimize or eliminate the formation of harmful substances in the following environmental conditions. The directions of these methods: Replacing toxic waste nontoxic. Replacement non-utilized waste recyclable. Ways of creating low-waste technologies. Ways of creating low-waste technologies: Creating compact systems that allow maximum use of all the ingredients of raw materials and ensuring the MPC emissions into the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Create schemes with a full water circulation, reduces the need for the company to clear natural water. Creation ehnergotehnologicheskih circuits with heat recovery, resulting in some enterprises are transformed into energy producers. The choice of technological modes, providing. The choice of products, which can be used in the longer term. Passive methods aimed at reducing the concentration and pollution levels in the way of their distribution in the biosphere. Passive methods include organizational and technological enterprise: rational distribution of pollution sources. Localization of sources of pollution. Clean emissions into the biosphere. The rational allocation of pollution sources is implemented as follows: The optimal choice of location for the construction of industrial facilities. Rational accommodation facilities on the premises. The device is high pipes for dispersion of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The demarcation of buffer zones. The sources of contamination are placed on land unsuitable for use with the / x to take advantage of the wind and the wind rose and the possible occurrence of inversions. Place for wastewater discharge may be located downstream below the living area, taking into account the reverse flow when pressure winds. The device is a high pipe - involuntary event, which can reduce pollution near the company (locally), but the contaminants, but the pollutants accumulate in the atmosphere, are transported over longer distances, and eventually fall in the surface layer. The localization of the source of contamination involves the isolation and containment and sealing material source of pollution, shielding and absorption of energy pollution, dumping of waste. Techniques: selection of eco-friendly material for the manufacture of equipment, instruments and so on. etc .; use of equipment operating on environmentally friendly forms of energy; cleaning of emissions and discharges.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Under method of protecting understand complex technological, technical activities, aimed at reducing or eliminating pollution biosphere.lord all methods are divided into:

Active - directly affect the sources of pollution.
passive - are protective nature, these methods are not linked to the source of the pollution, the methods to combat pollution immediately.
Technical methods are divided into:
direct methods allow to estimate the weight, volume, concentration, and the contaminants directly into sources of their education.
Indirect methods are designed to minimize or eliminate education harmful substances in the follow-up environmental situations.lord of these methods:lord replacing toxic waste нетоксическими.
Replacing recyclable waste recyclable.
ways to create low-waste technology.
ways to create low-waste technology:lord create a compact systems,To maximize the use of all raw materials and ingredients that provides maximum permissible concentrations emissions in the atmosphere and гидросферу.
the schemes with full feedback mechanisms to water,To reduce the need for business in a clean natural water.
a pinch analysis allows you to define: schemes with energy recovery, as a result of which some businesses become power producers.
Select technological regimes, обеспечивающ. Product Selection, which can be used in a more long-term.
passive methods,aimed at reducing concentrations and levels of pollution to their distribution in the biosphere. The passive methods include institutional and technological enterprise:
Rational location sources of pollution.
localized sources of pollution.
Cleaning emissions in biosphere.
Rational location sources of pollution is implemented as follows:

The optimal choice of location for the construction of industrial works.
Rational location production in the enterprise.
the Device high pipes in order to dissipate harmful substances in the atmosphere.
Establishing boundaries health-protective zones.
sources of pollution are accommodated on land unsuitable for use with/x with the benefits wind or wind patterns and the possible emergence of inversion.
The place for the waste-water treatment may be located below the river below the residential zone, the flow when pressure winds.
the Device high-tube - forced event,Which is designed to reduce pollution near enterprise (locally), but polluting substances, but the pollutants accumulating in the atmosphere, are transferred to the longer distances,And, ultimately, into the ground-level layer.
source localization of pollution includes the isolation and localization and sealed source material contamination, the shielding and absorption energy impurities,Disposal of the waste production.lord technical methods:lord choice environmentally clean material for manufacturing of equipment, panel, etc. ;
use of the equipment,Running on the environmentally friendly types of energy;
clean emissions and discharges.