FROM THE HISTORY OF BUILDINGMany th

FROM THE HISTORY OF BUILDING
Many thousands of years ago there were no houses such as people live in today. In hot countries people sometimes made their homes in the trees and used leaves to protect themselves from rain or sun. In colder countries they dwelt in caves. Later people left their caves and trees and began to build houses out of different materials such as mud, wood or stones.
Later people found out that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine became almost as hard as stones. In Ancient Egypt especially, people learned to use these sun-dried mud bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after several thousands of years.
The Ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes. They erected temples, palaces and huge tombs. The greatest tomb is the stone pyramid of Khufu, king of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians often erected their huge constructions to commemorate their kings or pharaohs.
The ancient Greeks also understood the art of building with cut stone, and their buildings were beautiful as well as useful. They often used pillars partly for supporting the roofs and partly for decoration. Parts of these ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece.
The Romans were great bridge, harbour and road builders. In road work the Romans widely used timber piles. They also erected aqueducts, reservoirs, water tanks, etc. Some of their constructions are still used till now. It is known that the manufacture of lime is one of the oldest industries used by man. Lime is a basic building material used all over the world as today so in the ancient world. One of the Romans, Marcus Porcius Cato, gave an idea of a kiln for lime production: its shape and dimensions. Such kilns were fired with wood or coal and were extremely inefficient. There are still many remains of kilns in some places of Great Britain as well as roads and the famous Hadrian Wall, which was erected to protect Romans from the celtic tribes in the first century A.D. Britain was a province of the Roman Empire for about four centuries. There are many things today in Britain to remind the people of the Roman: towns, roads, wells and the words.
In a period of 800 to 900 years the Romans developed concrete to the position of the main structural material in the empire. It is surprising, therefore, that after the fall of the Empire, much of the great knowledge should have disappeared so completely. The knowledge of how to make durable concrete has been lost for centuries, but mention was made of it in the writings of architects from time to time.
Fusion of Roman and North European traditions in construction was reflected in many ways. Buildings combined the Roman arch and the steep peaked roof of Northern Europe. Roman traditions were continued in the architectural form known as Romanesque. London Bridge, finished in 1209, took thirty-three years to build. It consisted of nineteen irregular pointed arches with its piers resting on broad foundation, which was designed to withstand the Thames current.
The Roman period was followed by other periods each of which produced its own type of architecture and building materials. During the last hundred years many new methods of building have been discovered. One of the recent discoveries is the usefulness of steel as a building material.
Nowadays when it is necessary to have a very tall building, the frame of it is first built in steel and then the building is completed in concrete. Concrete is an artificial kind of stone, much cheaper than brick or natural stone and much stronger than they are. The Egyptians employed it in the construction of bridges, roads and town walls. There are evidences than ancient Greeks also used concrete for the building purposes. The use of concrete by the ancient Romans can be traced back as far as 500 B.C. They were the first to use it throughout the ancient Roman Empire on a pretty large scale and many structures made of concrete remain till nowadays thus proving the long life of buildings made of concrete. Of course, it was not the concrete people use today. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used to hold together the roughly broken stone in foundations and walls. It was so-called “pseudo-concrete”. The idea of such building material might have been borrowed from the ancient Greeks as some samples of it were found in the ruins of Pompeii.

Результаты (английский) 1:

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ здания Многие тысячи делает лет назад там было домов , таких как люди живут сегодня. В жарких странах люди иногда делают свои дома на деревьях и использовали листья , чтобы защитить себя от дождя или солнца. В более холодных странах они жили в пещерах. Позже люди покинули свои пещеры и деревья и начали строить дома из различных материалов , таких как грязь, дерева или камня. Позже люди выяснили , что кирпичи из глины и сушат в горячем солнце стало почти так же сложно , как камни. В Древнем Египте особенно люди научились использовать эти высохшие на солнце глиняных кирпичей. Некоторые из их зданий все еще стоят после нескольких лет тысячи делает. Древние египтяне обнаружили , как вырезать камень для строительных целей. Они возведены храмы, дворцы и огромные могилы. Самая большая могила каменную пирамиду Хеопса, царь Египетский. Древние египтяне часто возводили свои огромные сооружения в честь своих королей или фараонов. Древние греки также понимали искусство здание с тесаного камня, а их здания были красивы, а также полезны. Они часто использовали столбы частично для поддержки крыши и частично для украшения. Части этих древних зданий все еще можно увидеть сегодня в Греции. Римляне были большие мосты, гавани и дорожники. В дорожных работах, римляне широко использовали деревянные сваи. Они также возведены водопроводы, резервуары, резервуары для воды и т.д. Некоторые из их конструкций до сих пор используются до сих пор. Хорошо известно , что производство извести является одним из старейших отраслей промышленности , используемых человеком. Известь является основным строительным материалом , используемым во всем мире , как сегодня , так в древнем мире. Один из римлян, Марк Порций Катон, дал идею печи для производства извести: ее форму и размеры. Такие печи были уволены с дерева или угля и были крайне неэффективны. Есть еще много остатков печей для обжига в некоторых местах Великобритании, а также дороги и знаменитый Адриана стена, которая была построена , чтобы защитить римлян от кельтских племен в первом веке нашей эры Британия была провинцией Римской империи в течение приблизительно четырех вв. Есть много вещей , которые сегодня в Британии, чтобы напомнить людям о римской: города, дороги, колодцы и слова. В период от 800 до 900 лет римляне разработали бетон на позиции основного структурного материала в империи. Это удивительно, поэтому, что после падения империи, большая часть больших знаний должна была исчезнуть так полностью. Знание того , как сделать прочный бетон был потерян в течение многих столетий, но было упомянуто о нем в трудах архитекторов время от времени. Слияние римской и Северной европейских традиций в строительстве нашло свое отражение во многих отношениях. Здания в сочетании с римской арки и крутой достигла своего пика крыши Северной Европы. Римские традиции были продолжены в архитектурной форме , известной как романского. Лондонский мост, закончил в 1209 году , занимает тридцать три года , чтобы построить. Она состояла из девятнадцати стрельчатые арки с его нерегулярные причалы покоится на широком фундаменте, который был разработан , чтобы противостоять Темзу. Римский период последовали другие периоды , каждый из которых свой собственный тип архитектуры и строительных материалов массового производства. За последние сто лет было обнаружено много новых методов строительства. Одним из открытий последних лет является полезность стали в качестве строительного материала.Nowadays when it is necessary to have a very tall building, the frame of it is first built in steel and then the building is completed in concrete. Concrete is an artificial kind of stone, much cheaper than brick or natural stone and much stronger than they are. The Egyptians employed it in the construction of bridges, roads and town walls. There are evidences than ancient Greeks also used concrete for the building purposes. The use of concrete by the ancient Romans can be traced back as far as 500 B.C. They were the first to use it throughout the ancient Roman Empire on a pretty large scale and many structures made of concrete will remain till nowadays thus proving the long life of buildings made of concrete. Of course, it was not the concrete people use today. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used to hold together the roughly broken stone in foundations and walls. It was the so-called "pseudo-concrete". The idea of such building material might have been borrowed from the ancient Greeks as some samples of it were found in the ruins of Pompeii.

Результаты (английский) 2:

HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
Many thousands of years ago there were no houses, such as people living today. In hot countries, people sometimes make their homes in trees and used the leaves to protect themselves from the rain or sun. In colder countries they lived in caves. Later, people left their caves and trees and began to build a house made of various materials, such as dirt, wood or stone.
Later, people found that bricks made of clay and dried in the hot sun was almost as hard as rocks. In ancient Egypt, especially the people have learned to use these dried on sun mud bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after a few thousand years.
The ancient Egyptians found how to cut the stone for building purposes. They built temples, palaces and huge grave. The biggest grave stone pyramid of Cheops, king of Egypt. Ancient Egyptians often built their huge facilities in honor of their kings or pharaohs.
The ancient Greeks also knew the art of building with hewn stone, and their houses were beautiful as well as useful. They often used the pillars to support the roof part and partly for decoration. Parts of these ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece.
The Romans were great bridges, harbors and road builders. The road works Romans made extensive use of wooden piles. They also built aqueducts, reservoirs, tanks for water, etc. Some of their designs are still in use to this day. It is known that the production of lime is one of the oldest industries, used by man. Lime is the main construction material used all over the world, as it is today, so in the ancient world. One of the Romans, Cato, gave the idea of a furnace for lime production: its shape and size. These stoves were fired with wood or coal, and were extremely inefficient. There are still many remains of furnaces for burning in some parts of the UK, as well as the road and the famous Hadrian Wall, which was built, to protect the Romans from the Celtic tribes in the first century AD Britain was a province of the Roman Empire for about four centuries, there are many things that are today in the UK, to remind people of Rome: the city, roads, wells, and words.
In the period from 800 to 900 years at Romans developed a concrete position of the main structural material in the Empire. It is surprising, therefore, that after the fall of the Empire, most of the large knowledge should have disappeared so completely. Knowing how to make durable concrete was lost for many centuries, but it was mentioned in the works of architects from time to time.
Merging Roman and northern European traditions in construction is reflected in many ways. Buildings in conjunction with Roman arches and steep peaked roof in Northern Europe. Roman tradition was continued in the architectural form, known as the Romanesque. London Bridge, completed in 1209 , took thirty-three years to build. It consisted of nineteen pointed arches of irregular shape with its piers rest on a broad foundation, which has been designed to withstand the current of the Thames.
The Roman period was followed by other periods, each of which produced a type of architecture and building materials. Over the past hundred years many new methods of construction were found. One of the discoveries of recent years is the usefulness of steel as a construction material. Nowadays, when it is necessary to have a very high building, from it first frame constructed in steel, and then in the process of construction in concrete. Concrete is an artificial stone appearance, much cheaper than brick or natural stone, and much stronger than they are. The Egyptians used it in the construction of bridges, roads and city walls. There is evidence, what the ancient Greeks also used concrete for construction purposes. Using concrete ancient Romans may be traced as far as 500 BC They were the first to use it on during the ancient Roman Empire at a fairly large scale and many constructions of concrete remain to this day, thus proving the long life of concrete buildings. Of course, this is not specific people use today was. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used for storage with roughly crushed stone in the foundation and walls. This was a so-called "pseudo-concrete". The idea of such a building material can be borrowed from the ancient Greeks, as some of his specimens were found in the ruins of Pompeii. to use it on during the ancient Roman Empire at a fairly large scale and many constructions of concrete remain to this day, thus proving the long life of concrete buildings. Of course, this is not specific people use today was. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used for storage with roughly crushed stone in the foundation and walls. This was a so-called "pseudo-concrete". The idea of such a building material can be borrowed from the ancient Greeks, as some of his specimens were found in the ruins of Pompeii. to use it on during the ancient Roman Empire at a fairly large scale and many constructions of concrete remain to this day, thus proving the long life of concrete buildings. Of course, this is not specific people use today was. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used for storage with roughly crushed stone in the foundation and walls. This was a so-called "pseudo-concrete". The idea of such a building material can be borrowed from the ancient Greeks, as some of his specimens were found in the ruins of Pompeii. it is not specific people use today was. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used for storage with roughly crushed stone in the foundation and walls. This was a so-called "pseudo-concrete". The idea of such a building material can be borrowed from the ancient Greeks, as some of his specimens were found in the ruins of Pompeii. it is not specific people use today was. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used for storage with roughly crushed stone in the foundation and walls. This was a so-called "pseudo-concrete". The idea of such a building material can be borrowed from the ancient Greeks, as some of his specimens were found in the ruins of Pompeii.

Результаты (английский) 3:

from the history of buildingmany thousands of years ago there were no houses such as people live in today. in hot countries people sometimes made their homes in trees and used leaves to protect themselves from the rain or sun. in colder countries they dwelt in caves. later people left their caves and trees and began to build houses out of different materials such as mud, wood or stones.later people found out that during made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine and almost as hard as stones. in ancient egypt there, people learned to use these sun - dried mud during. some of the buildings are still standing after several thousands of years.the ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes. the arts temples, palaces and is filled. the greatest tomb is the stone pyramid of Khufu, king of egypt. the ancient Egyptians often in the work area to the arts to their kings or pharaohs.the ancient greeks also understood the art of building with cut stone, and their buildings were beautiful as well as useful. they often used pillars is for supporting the roofs and partly for decoration. parts of these ancient buildings can still be seen today in greece.the Romans were great bridge, harbour and road builders. in its work the Romans widely used timber piles. they also aqueducts arts, reservoirs, water tanks, etc.). some of their work are still used till now. it is known that the manufacture of lime is one of the oldest industries used by man. lime is a basic building material used all over the world as today. in the ancient world. one of the Romans, marcus Porcius Cato, gave an idea of a kiln for lime production, its shape and dimensions. such kilns were fired with wood or coal and was extremely inefficient. there are still the remains of kilns in some places of great britain as well as roads and the famous Hadrian wall, which was the arts to protect Romans from the celtic when in the first century a.d. and was a province of the roman empire for about four centuries. there are many things today in britain to remind the people of the roman, towns, roads, wells and the words.in a period of 800 to 900 years the Romans developed concrete to the position of the main structural material in the empire. it is surprising, therefore, that after the fall of the empire, much of the great knowledge should have disappeared so completely. the knowledge of how to make durable concrete has been lost for centuries, no mention was made of it in the writings of sculpture from time to time.fusion of roman and north european traditions in construction was reflected in many ways. buildings but the roman arch and the district peaked was of northern europe. roman traditions were continued in the architectural form known as Romanesque. london bridge, finished in 1209, took thirty - three years to build. the colonies of nineteen irregular pointed arcs with its piers facilities including a spa on broad foundation, which was designed to withstand the thames current.the roman period was followed by other periods each of which produced its own type of architecture and building materials. during the last hundred years many new methods of building have been discovered. one of the recent discoveries is the usefulness of steel as a building material.nowadays when it is necessary to have a very tall building, the frame of it is first built in steel, and then the building is completed in concrete. concrete is a kind of artificial stone, to do than brick or natural stone and much stronger than they are. the Egyptians employed it in the construction of bridges, roads and town walls. there are evidences than ancient greeks also used concrete for the building purposes. the use of concrete by the ancient Romans can be traced back as far as 500 b.c. they were the first to use it throughout the ancient roman empire on a pretty large scale and many structures made of concrete remain till nowadays and proving the long life of buildings made of concrete. of course, it was not the concrete people use today. the colonies of mud, clay and pure lime, which is used to hold together the statistics broken stone in foundations and walls. it was so - called "pseudo - concrete". the idea of such building material might have been borrowed from the ancient greeks as some samples of it were found in the ruins of Pompeii.